Changes in Cognition and Brain Function After 26 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Adults at Risk for Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but...
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Published in: | Canadian journal of diabetes Vol. 47; no. 3; pp. 250 - 256 |
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01-04-2023
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Abstract | Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but it is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group.
This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were living with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercises (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns.
Resistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention, and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults.
Resistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings.
Le diabète de type 2 est associé à des déficits de la cognition et de la santé cérébrale. Les individus ayant au moins 1 facteur de risque de diabète (c.-à-d. l’obésité, le prédiabète) ont déjà une détérioration neurocognitive et sont exposés au risque d’un nouveau déclin. L’exercice constitue un moyen de lutter contre ces déficits, mais on ignore si l’exercice contre résistance peut contribuer à l’amélioration de ces fonctionnements au sein de ce groupe exposé au risque.
La présente étude était un essai clinique pilote à répartition aléatoire. Les participants avaient de 60 à 80 ans et un prédiabète (glycémie capillaire à jeun de 6,1 à 6,9 mmol/L) et/ou étaient en surpoids ou obèses (indice de masse corporelle ≥ 25). Les participants effectuaient un entraînement musculaire ou des exercices d’équilibre et d’étirement (témoins) trois fois par semaine durant 6 mois. Des tests neuropsychologiques étaient utilisés pour évaluer les facultés cognitives, et la neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle par résonance magnétique était utilisée pour examiner les schémas d’activation cérébrale.
L’entraînement musculaire menait à l’amélioration de l’alternance de l’attention et de la résolution de conflits, ainsi qu’à des schémas d’activation cérébrale qui pouvaient s’apparenter à ceux des personnes âgées en bonne santé.
L’exercice contre résistance peut constituer une stratégie comportementale efficace pour améliorer la neurocognition des personnes âgées exposées au risque de diabète de type 2. Un essai statistiquement puissant de grande envergure est nécessaire pour approfondir ces résultats. |
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AbstractList | OBJECTIVESType 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but it is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. METHODSThis study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were living with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercises (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. RESULTSResistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention, and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. CONCLUSIONSResistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings. Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but it is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were living with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m ). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercises (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. Resistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention, and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. Resistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings. Type 2 diabetes is associated with deficits in cognition and brain health. Individuals with at least 1 risk factor for diabetes (i.e. obesity, prediabetes) already experience some neurocognitive impairment and are at risk for further decline. One way to combat these deficits is through exercise, but it is unknown whether resistance exercise can improve these functions in this at-risk group. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 to 80 years of age and had prediabetes (fasting capillary glucose 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L) and/or were living with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Participants completed resistance training or balance and stretching exercises (control) thrice weekly for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognitive ability, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine brain activation patterns. Resistance training led to improvements in task-switching, attention, and conflict resolution, as well as improved patterns of brain activation that may mimic healthy older adults. Resistance exercise may serve as an effective behavioural strategy to improve neurocognition in older adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. A large-scale powered trial is needed to further explore these findings. Le diabète de type 2 est associé à des déficits de la cognition et de la santé cérébrale. Les individus ayant au moins 1 facteur de risque de diabète (c.-à-d. l’obésité, le prédiabète) ont déjà une détérioration neurocognitive et sont exposés au risque d’un nouveau déclin. L’exercice constitue un moyen de lutter contre ces déficits, mais on ignore si l’exercice contre résistance peut contribuer à l’amélioration de ces fonctionnements au sein de ce groupe exposé au risque. La présente étude était un essai clinique pilote à répartition aléatoire. Les participants avaient de 60 à 80 ans et un prédiabète (glycémie capillaire à jeun de 6,1 à 6,9 mmol/L) et/ou étaient en surpoids ou obèses (indice de masse corporelle ≥ 25). Les participants effectuaient un entraînement musculaire ou des exercices d’équilibre et d’étirement (témoins) trois fois par semaine durant 6 mois. Des tests neuropsychologiques étaient utilisés pour évaluer les facultés cognitives, et la neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle par résonance magnétique était utilisée pour examiner les schémas d’activation cérébrale. L’entraînement musculaire menait à l’amélioration de l’alternance de l’attention et de la résolution de conflits, ainsi qu’à des schémas d’activation cérébrale qui pouvaient s’apparenter à ceux des personnes âgées en bonne santé. L’exercice contre résistance peut constituer une stratégie comportementale efficace pour améliorer la neurocognition des personnes âgées exposées au risque de diabète de type 2. Un essai statistiquement puissant de grande envergure est nécessaire pour approfondir ces résultats. |
Author | Furlano, Joyla A. Shoemaker, J. Kevin Petrella, Robert J. Horst, Becky R. Nagamatsu, Lindsay S. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joyla A. surname: Furlano fullname: Furlano, Joyla A. email: jfurlano@uwo.ca organization: Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Becky R. surname: Horst fullname: Horst, Becky R. organization: Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert J. surname: Petrella fullname: Petrella, Robert J. organization: Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: J. Kevin surname: Shoemaker fullname: Shoemaker, J. Kevin organization: School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Lindsay S. surname: Nagamatsu fullname: Nagamatsu, Lindsay S. organization: School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada |
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Copyright | 2023 Canadian Diabetes Association Copyright © 2023 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Keywords | older adult prédiabète cognition prediabetes obésité fonctionnement cérébral exercice exercise brain function personne âgée obesity |
Language | English |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Brain - diagnostic imaging brain function cognition Cognition - physiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 exercice exercise Exercise Therapy - methods fonctionnement cérébral Humans Obesity obésité older adult personne âgée Pilot Projects prediabetes Prediabetic State - therapy prédiabète Resistance Training |
Title | Changes in Cognition and Brain Function After 26 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Adults at Risk for Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial |
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