Tuberculosis Disease Among Nonimmigrant Visa Holders Reported to US Quarantine Stations, January 2011–June 2016

US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign m...

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Published in:Journal of immigrant and minority health Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 823 - 829
Main Authors: Vonnahme, Laura A., Shaw, Kate M., Gulati, Reena K., Hollberg, Michelle R., Posey, Drew L., Regan, Joanna J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-10-2024
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Abstract US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States.
AbstractList US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States.
US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States.US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States.
Author Gulati, Reena K.
Posey, Drew L.
Regan, Joanna J.
Vonnahme, Laura A.
Shaw, Kate M.
Hollberg, Michelle R.
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Issue 5
Keywords Travelers
Visa status
Tuberculosis
Overseas screening
Migration
Language English
License 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.
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Snippet US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for...
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StartPage 823
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Comparative Law
Disease control
Disease prevention
Drug resistance
Emigrants and Immigrants - statistics & numerical data
Epidemiology
Female
Health
Humans
Immigrants
International & Foreign Law
Long term
Male
Medical screening
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Migration
Multidrug resistance
Original Paper
Physical examinations
Private International Law
Public Health
Quarantine
Refugees
Screening Tests
Sociology
Surveillance
Surveillance systems
Travel
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - epidemiology
Tuberculosis - ethnology
Tuberculosis - prevention & control
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - ethnology
United States - epidemiology
Visitors
Young Adult
Title Tuberculosis Disease Among Nonimmigrant Visa Holders Reported to US Quarantine Stations, January 2011–June 2016
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10903-024-01601-w
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38834868
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3106861953
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3064921132
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11413147
Volume 26
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