The Intersection of Racial and Gender Attitudes, 1977 through 2018

• Published in: American sociological review Vol. 86; no. 5; pp. 823 - 855
• Main Authors: Scarborough, William J., Pepin, Joanna R., Lambouths, Danny L., Kwon, Ronald, Monasterio, Ronaldo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-10-2021; American Sociological Association
• Subjects: Attitudes; Black people; Black white relations; Black women; Egalitarianism; Females; Gender; Gender equity; Gender inequality; Gender roles; Intersectionality; Intimacy; Latent class analysis; Males; Men; Polls & surveys; Public opinion; Race; Racial differences; Racial inequality; Racism; Self interest; White people; Whites; Women; racial attitudes; public opinion; gender attitudes; intersectionality
• ISSN: 0003-1224; 1939-8271
• DOI: 10.1177/00031224211033582

Intersectionality scholars have long identified dynamic configurations of race and gender ideologies. Yet, survey research on racial and gender attitudes tends to treat these components as independent. We apply latent class analysis to a set of racial and gender attitude items from the General Social Survey (1977 to 2018) to identify four configurations of individuals’ simultaneous views on race and gender. Two of these configurations hold unified progressive or regressive racial and gender attitudes. The other two formations have discordant racial and gender attitudes, where progressive views on one aspect combine with regressive views on the other. In the majority of survey years, the most commonly held configuration endorsed gender equality but espoused new racialist views that attributed racial disparities to cultural deficiencies. This perspective has become increasingly common since 1977 and is most prevalent among White women and White men, likely due to racial-group interest. Black women and Black men, in contrast, are more likely to embrace progressive racial and gender attitudes. We argue that White men’s gender egalitarianism may be rooted in self-interest, aimed at acquiring resources through intimate relationships. In contrast, Black men adopt progressive racial and gender attitudes to form a necessary coalition with Black women to challenge racism.