Homogenization of food samples for gamma spectrometry using protease

We previously reported a food preparation method for gamma spectrometry during radiological emergencies aimed at developing best compromises between degree of homogenization, accuracy, speed, and minimizing laboratory equipment contamination. We now propose an additional method using the protease br...

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Published in:	Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry Vol. 318; no. 1; pp. 401 - 406
Main Authors:	Nishikawa, Kimi, Bari, Abdul, Khan, A. J., Li, Xin, Menia, Traci, Semkow, Thomas M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01-10-2018 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Background radiation Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Diagnostic Radiology Food Hadrons Heavy Ions Homogenization Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory equipment Meals Meat Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Physics Organic chemistry Physical Chemistry Protease Proteases Radioisotopes Scientific imaging Spectrometry Spectroscopy Sample homogenization Atmospheric deposition Radiological emergency Protease Gamma spectrometry Ultra-low background Ge detector
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Abstract	We previously reported a food preparation method for gamma spectrometry during radiological emergencies aimed at developing best compromises between degree of homogenization, accuracy, speed, and minimizing laboratory equipment contamination. We now propose an additional method using the protease bromelain that can homogenize meats and composite meals containing both meat and starch in ~ 1 h without high heat or harsh chemicals. Additionally, we show evidence from studies with environmental samples suggesting the potential utility of these homogenization methods for use with atmospherically deposited radionuclides using naturally occurring 7 Be as a model.
AbstractList	We previously reported a food preparation method for gamma spectrometry during radiological emergencies aimed at developing best compromises between degree of homogenization, accuracy, speed, and minimizing laboratory equipment contamination. We now propose an additional method using the protease bromelain that can homogenize meats and composite meals containing both meat and starch in ~ 1 h without high heat or harsh chemicals. Additionally, we show evidence from studies with environmental samples suggesting the potential utility of these homogenization methods for use with atmospherically deposited radionuclides using naturally occurring 7 Be as a model. We previously reported a food preparation method for gamma spectrometry during radiological emergencies aimed at developing best compromises between degree of homogenization, accuracy, speed, and minimizing laboratory equipment contamination. We now propose an additional method using the protease bromelain that can homogenize meats and composite meals containing both meat and starch in ~ 1 h without high heat or harsh chemicals. Additionally, we show evidence from studies with environmental samples suggesting the potential utility of these homogenization methods for use with atmospherically deposited radionuclides using naturally occurring 7Be as a model. We previously reported a food preparation method for gamma spectrometry during radiological emergencies aimed at developing best compromises between degree of homogenization, accuracy, speed, and minimizing laboratory equipment contamination. We now propose an additional method using the protease bromelain that can homogenize meats and composite meals containing both meat and starch in ~ 1 h without high heat or harsh chemicals. Additionally, we show evidence from studies with environmental samples suggesting the potential utility of these homogenization methods for use with atmospherically deposited radionuclides using naturally occurring .sup.7Be as a model.
Audience	Academic
Author	Menia, Traci Semkow, Thomas M. Khan, A. J. Nishikawa, Kimi Bari, Abdul Li, Xin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kimi orcidid: 0000-0003-1431-5305 surname: Nishikawa fullname: Nishikawa, Kimi email: kimi.nishikawa@health.ny.gov organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health – sequence: 2 givenname: Abdul surname: Bari fullname: Bari, Abdul organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health – sequence: 3 givenname: A. J. surname: Khan fullname: Khan, A. J. organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health – sequence: 4 givenname: Xin surname: Li fullname: Li, Xin organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health – sequence: 5 givenname: Traci surname: Menia fullname: Menia, Traci organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas M. surname: Semkow fullname: Semkow, Thomas M. organization: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York
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References	ArshadZIAmidAYusofFJaswirIAhmadKLokeSPBromelain: an overview of industrial application and purification strategiesAppl Microbiol Biotechnol201498728372971:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtVGns7rP10.1007/s00253-014-5889-y24965557 LichonMNolletLMLHandbook of food analysis, methods and instruments in applied food analysis20042BaselMarcel Dekker KaltofenMGundersenARadioactively-hot particles detected in dusts and soils from Northern Japan by combination of gamma spectrometry, autoradiography, and SEM/EDS analysis and implications in radiation risk assessmentSci Total Environ2017607–6081065107210.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.0911:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXht1Wrt7bP28724245 Chelidonium majus L. Celandine, Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants Database, United States Department of Agriculture. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=chma2. Accessed 2 Feb 2018 Forsythia, Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants Database, United States Department of Agriculture. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FORSY. Accessed 2 Feb 2018 NishikawaKBariAKhanAJLiXMeniaTSemkowTMLinZHealeySHomogenization of food samples for gamma spectrometry using tetramethylammonium hydroxide and enzymatic digestionJ Radioanal Nucl Chem20173148598701:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsVWhurnP10.1007/s10967-017-5434-4 MatagneABolleLEl MahyaouiRBaeyens-VolantDAzarkanMThe proteolytic system of pineapple stems revisited: purification and characterization of multiple catalytically active formsPhytochem201713829511:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXjsVGlsrg%3D10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.019 Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems. Radionuclides Small Entity Compliance Guide, United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/guide_radionuclides_table-betaphotonemitters.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2018 SchomburgDietmarStephanDörteStem bromelainEnzyme Handbook 161998Berlin, HeidelbergSpringer Berlin Heidelberg515810.1007/978-3-642-58903-4_9 Echinocystis lobata (Wild Cucumber), Minnesota wildflowers, a field guide to the flora of Minnesota, Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund. https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Accessed 2 Feb 2018 KittoMEFielmanEMHarttGMGillenEASemkowTMParekhPPBariALong-term monitoring of radioactivity in surface air and deposition in New York StateHealth Phys200590313710.1097/01.HP.0000174813.46712.931:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1yns7nP LacorteSBono-BlayFCortina-PuigMPawliszynJComprehensive sampling and sample preparation: analytical techniques for scientists2012Amsterdam, BostonElsevier SmithJTTagamiKUchidaSTime trends in radiocaesium in the Japanese diet following nuclear weapons testing and Chernobyl: implications for long term contamination post-FukushimaSci Total Environ2017601–6021466147510.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.2401:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXpvFGjs7g%3D28605864 LandisJDRenshawCEKasteJMQuantitative retention of atmospherically deposited elements by native vegetation is traced by the fallout radionuclides 7Be and 210PbEnviron Sci Technol20144812022120301:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1Wisb7N10.1021/es503351u25254326 ME Kitto (6065_CR10) 2005; 90 Dietmar Schomburg (6065_CR6) 1998 S Lacorte (6065_CR2) 2012 A Matagne (6065_CR5) 2017; 138 JD Landis (6065_CR9) 2014; 48 K Nishikawa (6065_CR3) 2017; 314 ZI Arshad (6065_CR4) 2014; 98 6065_CR13 M Lichon (6065_CR1) 2004 6065_CR12 6065_CR11 6065_CR14 JT Smith (6065_CR8) 2017; 601–602 M Kaltofen (6065_CR7) 2017; 607–608
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SubjectTerms	Background radiation Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Diagnostic Radiology Food Hadrons Heavy Ions Homogenization Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory equipment Meals Meat Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Physics Organic chemistry Physical Chemistry Protease Proteases Radioisotopes Scientific imaging Spectrometry Spectroscopy
Title	Homogenization of food samples for gamma spectrometry using protease
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