Magnesium Supplementation Is Associated with a Lower Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Patients Submitted to Bariatric Surgery

• Published in: Obesity surgery Vol. 32; no. 9; pp. 3056 - 3063
• Main Authors: Silva, M. M., Borges-Canha, M., Fonseca, M. J., Neves, J. S., Mendonça, F., Ferreira, M. J., Salazar, D., Pedro, J., Guerreiro, V., Viana, S., Lau, E., Belo, S., Varela, A., Freitas, P., Carvalho, D., group, CRIO
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-09-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antihypertensives; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Gastrointestinal surgery; Glucose; Health care; Hemoglobin; Hospitals; Hypertension; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic disorders; Metabolism; Obesity; Observational studies; Original Contributions; Population; Risk factors; Statistical analysis; Surgery; Vitamins; Weight control; Hypertension; Obesity; Magnesium; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Bariatric surgery; Dyslipidemia
• ISSN: 0960-8923; 1708-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06207-5

Purpose
Literature has demonstrated an inverse relation between magnesium (Mg) consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia. After bariatric surgery (BS), micronutrients deficiencies are common, it being important to ensure appropriate supplementation. There is no recommendation about Mg supplementation and to our knowledge, its effect has not been studied to date. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of Mg supplementation in cardio-metabolic risk factors on post-bariatric patients.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective observational study of patients with obesity who underwent BS was performed. Data was assessed preoperatively and yearly (4-year follow-up).
Results
A total of 3363 patients were included. In the first year of follow-up, 79.8% (
n
 = 2123) of the patients were supplemented with Mg, with evidence of slightly decreased percentages in the following years. Mg deficiency (serum Mg < 1.52 mEq/L) was more common among patients who were not supplemented during each year of follow-up (
p
 < 0.05). Among those who underwent Mg supplementation, the percentage of T2DM, HT, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 130 mg/dL was significantly lower. In the first year post-surgery, the supplementation group had a lower risk of T2DM (OR = 0.545,
p
 < 0.0001), LDL-C > 130 mg/dL (OR = 0.612,
p
 < 0.0001), and HT (OR = 0.584,
p
 < 0.0001). The OR for having these metabolic comorbidities persisted lower during the 4 years’ follow-up. Patients who had Mg deficiency had higher prevalence of T2DM and HT.
Conclusion
Mg supplementation seems to have a protective effect on the development of T2DM, HT, and LDL-C > 130 mg/dL in post-bariatric patients.
Graphical abstract