The Goldilocks Procedure with and without Implant-Based Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Obese Patients: The Mayo Clinic Experience

• Published in: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963) Vol. 148; no. 4; pp. 703 - 716
• Main Authors: Bustos, Samyd S., Nguyen, Minh-Doan, Harless, Christin A., Tran, Nho V., Martinez-Jorge, Jorys, Lin, Jason, Forte, Antonio J., Casey, William J., Boughey, Judy C., McLaughlin, Sarah A., Gray, Richard, Manrique, Oscar J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01-10-2021
• Subjects: Aged; Body Mass Index; Breast Implantation - adverse effects; Breast Implantation - instrumentation; Breast Implantation - methods; Breast Implants - adverse effects; Breast Neoplasms - complications; Breast Neoplasms - surgery; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Mastectomy - adverse effects; Mastectomy - instrumentation; Mastectomy - methods; Middle Aged; Obesity - complications; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology; Postoperative Complications - etiology; Reoperation - statistics & numerical data; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time-to-Treatment - statistics & numerical data; Tissue Expansion Devices - adverse effects
• ISSN: 0032-1052; 1529-4242
• DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008362

Obesity is a risk factor for complications in breast reconstruction. Thus, implant-based immediate breast reconstruction in obese women may be controversial. The authors analyzed obese patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy using Wise-pattern incisions (Goldilocks procedure) and compared outcomes between two groups: Goldilocks with immediate breast reconstruction and Goldilocks only.
A retrospective review was performed of patients with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or higher who underwent the Goldilocks procedure at the Mayo Clinic Health System from 2012 to 2019. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Minor complications (partial-thickness wound dehiscence or flap necrosis, or tissue expander/implant malposition) and major complications (full-thickness wound dehiscence or flap necrosis, capsular contracture, tissue expander/implant explantation, or unplanned reoperation or readmission) were compared between groups. Patient-reported outcomes using BREAST-Q questionnaires were also assessed.
One hundred five patients (181 breasts) were included. Mean ± SEM age and body mass index were 57.1 ± 10.4 years and 37.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2 for the Goldilocks-only group and 51.5 ± 1.1 years and 35.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2 for the Goldilocks with immediate breast reconstruction group, respectively. Median follow-up time was 15.1 months (interquartile range, 10.0 to 28.6 months). Overall, 96 breasts underwent the Goldilocks-only procedure and 85 Goldilocks with immediate breast reconstruction. Multivariable analyses revealed a higher rate of minor complications (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.83; 95 percent CI, 1.22 to 7.02) and major complications (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.26; 95 percent CI, 1.25 to 4.24) in the Goldilocks with immediate breast reconstruction group compared with the Goldilocks-only group, at any given time. Patient satisfaction was not statistically different between groups.
The Goldilocks procedure is a feasible breast reconstructive option in obese patients; however, when it is performed with immediate breast reconstruction, it is associated with higher rates of complications. For patients with a body mass index of 40 kg/m2 or greater, the authors recommend the Goldilocks-only procedure or delayed reconstruction.
Therapeutic, III.