Hybrid PEMFC-supercapacitor system: Modeling and energy management in energetic macroscopic representation
•Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell SC.•Integral simulation of hybrid system with simple energy flow representations.•Energy management improves efficiency, SC SOC and decrease un...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Applied energy Vol. 205; pp. 1478 - 1494 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
01-11-2017
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | •Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell SC.•Integral simulation of hybrid system with simple energy flow representations.•Energy management improves efficiency, SC SOC and decrease undesired transients.•Energy management with cutoff frequency selection criteria and influence analysis.
In this paper, we propose the dynamic simulation of a hybrid generator that integrates a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor as the secondary source. We interface the proposed generator to the load using elementary power-conditioning units, and it is connected to a 36V bus for DC applications. The powertrain simulator builds on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), and incorporates models deduced from measurements on a Bahia proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a Maxwell® supercapacitor bank. A semi-empirical electrochemical model predicts the steady-state PEMFC behavior, and circuit-equivalent models estimate the dynamics of the sources. We apply a rule-based power management system, where a low-pass filter splits the power between the sources, and an EMR controller block based on the inverse-model regulates the bus voltage. We focus on the trade-off between simplicity and phenomenological PEMFC considerations, which enable us to predict PEMFC electric dynamics, and we analyze the benefits of the energy management with respect to the oxygen-starvation prevention and reduction of startups and shutdowns. We evaluate the power distribution control under vehicular solicitations at a reduced scale of 1kW, and then under a pulsed current train. We discuss the influence of the cutoff frequency value. The results prove the efficacy with which it reduces abrupt changes in the fuel cell, and demonstrates that this source will deliver until it reaches 80% of the required power. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell SC.•Integral simulation of hybrid system with simple energy flow representations.•Energy management improves efficiency, SC SOC and decrease undesired transients.•Energy management with cutoff frequency selection criteria and influence analysis.
In this paper, we propose the dynamic simulation of a hybrid generator that integrates a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor as the secondary source. We interface the proposed generator to the load using elementary power-conditioning units, and it is connected to a 36V bus for DC applications. The powertrain simulator builds on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), and incorporates models deduced from measurements on a Bahia proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a Maxwell® supercapacitor bank. A semi-empirical electrochemical model predicts the steady-state PEMFC behavior, and circuit-equivalent models estimate the dynamics of the sources. We apply a rule-based power management system, where a low-pass filter splits the power between the sources, and an EMR controller block based on the inverse-model regulates the bus voltage. We focus on the trade-off between simplicity and phenomenological PEMFC considerations, which enable us to predict PEMFC electric dynamics, and we analyze the benefits of the energy management with respect to the oxygen-starvation prevention and reduction of startups and shutdowns. We evaluate the power distribution control under vehicular solicitations at a reduced scale of 1kW, and then under a pulsed current train. We discuss the influence of the cutoff frequency value. The results prove the efficacy with which it reduces abrupt changes in the fuel cell, and demonstrates that this source will deliver until it reaches 80% of the required power. |
| Author | Alvarado, Victor M. Schacht Rodriguez, Ricardo Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe Gomez-Aguilar, J.F. Mota, Juan E. Sandoval, Cinda |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guadalupe orcidid: 0000-0001-6099-9408 surname: Lopez Lopez fullname: Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe email: guadalupe@cenidet.edu.mx organization: TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico – sequence: 2 givenname: Ricardo surname: Schacht Rodriguez fullname: Schacht Rodriguez, Ricardo organization: TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico – sequence: 3 givenname: Victor M. surname: Alvarado fullname: Alvarado, Victor M. organization: TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico – sequence: 4 givenname: J.F. surname: Gomez-Aguilar fullname: Gomez-Aguilar, J.F. organization: CONACYT-TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico – sequence: 5 givenname: Juan E. surname: Mota fullname: Mota, Juan E. organization: TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico – sequence: 6 givenname: Cinda surname: Sandoval fullname: Sandoval, Cinda organization: TecNM, CENIDET, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, 62490 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico |
| BookMark | eNqFkFFLwzAUhYNMcJv-BckfaL1pbNr4pIxNhQ190OeQJrcjZU1LUoX-ezuqzz7dw-Gecy_fiix855GQWwYpAybumlT36DEcxzQDVqRQpiD4BVmyssgSyVi5IEvgIJJMMHlFVjE2AJCxDJakeRmr4Cx93x52myR-9RiM7rVxQxdoHOOA7QM9dBZPzh-p9pbOp2irvT5ii36gzs8mDs5MvgldNF0_6YB9wDit6MF1_ppc1voU8eZ3rsnnbvuxeUn2b8-vm6d9YnjOhqSoDUqTozB1zibJC3kPOkdZ87wGk6EQNVa8FJXlmoO0FirJjUZRoYQi42si5t7zIzFgrfrgWh1GxUCdialG_RFTZ2IKSjURm4KPcxCn774dBhWNQ2_QuoBmULZz_1X8AK6HfY0 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2019_113707 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2020_11_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2022_104792 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14133807 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aej_2021_07_034 crossref_primary_10_1049_rpg2_12928 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3237684 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2019_105803 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conengprac_2020_104636 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2019_05_097 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2024_111562 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6528_abeb9d crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202129701049 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_024_02376_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2023_01_087 crossref_primary_10_1109_TEC_2023_3240723 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2021_103746 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2019_100950 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_1c03626 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2021_107548 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2019_02_141 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2022_105259 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2020_102221 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_022_07108_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2019_113318 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2024_114613 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2023_109160 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13164049 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3208365 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2019_03_155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_135899 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2018_04_011 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_168_1_012019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijhydene_2021_12_121 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13174502 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_019_04292_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2018_06_101 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2019_116142 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2022_104007 crossref_primary_10_1063_1_5038091 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.105 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.085 10.1109/VPPC.2008.4677665 10.1109/28.821816 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.047 10.1016/j.renene.2012.03.009 10.1109/VPPC.2010.5729194 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.165 10.1109/ISIE.2007.4374593 10.1109/ACC.2002.1025268 10.1109/CEIT.2015.7233074 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.035 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.036 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.065 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.118 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.040 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.101 10.1109/EPE.2013.6634727 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.040 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.005 10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.029 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.176 10.3390/su9010073 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.12.010 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.040 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.043 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.061 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.077 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.020 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.075 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544140 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.070 10.4130/jaev.6.1097 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.040 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.127 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.069 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.053 10.1109/ICASSP.2014.6853988 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.048 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.048 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.023 10.1016/j.eswa.2013.02.028 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.582 10.1109/TIE.2009.2026760 10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043246 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Environmental Sciences |
| EISSN | 1872-9118 |
| EndPage | 1494 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_apenergy_2017_08_063 S0306261917310802 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 23M 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AARJD AAXUO ABJNI ABMAC ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHIDL AHJVU AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BELTK BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W JARJE JJJVA KOM LY6 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SPC SPCBC SSR SST SSZ T5K TN5 ~02 ~G- AAHBH AAQXK AAXKI AAYOK AAYXX ABEFU ABFNM ABTAH ABXDB ACNNM ADMUD AFJKZ AKRWK ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN CITATION FEDTE FGOYB G-2 HVGLF HZ~ R2- SAC SEW WUQ ZY4 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-7fce9c5e6cf51ce937940a5e9f35f0c2e66feb386bd3a309dd0b93cae6be90723 |
| ISSN | 0306-2619 |
| IngestDate | Thu Sep 26 18:57:18 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:31:43 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Supercapacitor Energetic macroscopic representation PEMFC Hybrid system |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c351t-7fce9c5e6cf51ce937940a5e9f35f0c2e66feb386bd3a309dd0b93cae6be90723 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6099-9408 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2017_08_063 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_apenergy_2017_08_063 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2017-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2017 text: 2017-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationTitle | Applied energy |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Chen, Bouscaryrol, Lhomme (b0225) 2008; 6 Karami, Moubayed, Outbib (b0070) 2014; 82 Dash, Bajpai (b0035) 2015; 9 Boscaino, Miceli, Capponi, Galluzzo (b0020) 2014; 39 Wang, Yang, Li, Zhang, Hao, Chang (b0095) 2014; 39 Agbli, Péra, Hissel, Rallières, Turpin, Doumbia (b0175) 2011; 36 Dou, Hou, Liang, Shen, Zhang, Lu (b0105) 2011; 196 Silva, Bouscayrol, De Angelo, Lemaire-Semail (b0235) 2014; 24 Hemi, Ghouili, Cheriti (b0065) 2014; 80 Wang, Xuan, Kim (b0190) 2013; 38 Meidanshahi, Karimi (b0245) 2012; 93 Verma, Pitchumani (b0115) 2014; 268 Hautier, Faucher, Caron (b0120) 1999 Badji A, Djoudi H, Benyahia N, Denoun H, Zaouia M, Benamrouche N. Energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) based on internal model control (IMC) for fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid electric vehicles. In: 3rd International conference on control, engineering & information technology (CEIT). Tlemcen: IEEE; 2015. p. 1–6. EMR website; 2016 Boulon L, Pera M, Hissel D, Bouscayrol A, Delarue P. Energetic macroscopic representation of a fuel cell-supercapacitor system. In: Vehicle power and propulsion conference, VPPC. Arlington (TX): IEEE; 2007. p. 290–7. Nadeau A, Sharma G, Soyata T. State-of-charge estimation for supercapacitors: a kalman filtering formulation. In: International conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP). IEEE; 2014. p. 2194–8. Wu (b0005) 2016; 165 Tie, Tan (b0025) 2013; 20 Bouscayrol A, Barrade P, Boulon L, Chen K, Cheng Y, Delarue P, et al. Teaching drive control using Energetic Macroscopic Representation Summer schools. In: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on power electronics and applications. IEEE, Birmingham; 2011. p. 6. Feroldi, Serra, Riera (b0050) 2009; 190 Barelli L, Bidini G, Ottaviano A. Optimization of a PEMFC/battery pack power system for a bus application. Appl Energy 2012;97:777–84 [Energy Solutions for a Sustainable World - Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Appl Energy, May 16–18, 2011 - Perugia, Italy]. Depature C, Boulon L, Sicard P, Fournier M. Simulation model of a multi-stack fuel cell system. In: 15th European conference on power electronics and applications (EPE). Lille; 2013. p. 1–10. Garca, Torreglosa, Fernndez, Jurado (b0080) 2013; 40 Bouscayrol A, Delarue P, Giraud F, Guillaud X, Kestelyn X, Lemaire-Semail B, et al. Teaching drive control using Energetic Macroscopic Representation - expert level. In: 13th European conference on power electronics and applications. Barcelona: IEEE; 2009. p. 1–9. Jia, Guo, Liu (b0180) 2014; 39 Chrenko (b0165) 2008 Kim, Koh, Kim, Song (b0185) 2015; 40 Boulon, Agbossou, Hissel, Sicard, Bouscayrol, Péra (b0155) 2012; 46 Cruz Rojas, Lopez, Gomez-Aguilar, Alvarado, Sandoval Torres (b0285) 2017; 9 Barrade P, Bouscayrol A. Energetic macroscopic representation - an energy-flow based methodology dedicated for the control of multiphysics systems, Technical Report. CEDRAT, Lussane; 2011. Boulon, Hissel, Bouscayrol, Péra (b0160) 2010; 57 Olatomiwa, Mekhilef, Ismail, Moghavvemi (b0010) 2016; 62 Hwang, Chen, Kuo (b0045) 2012; 37 Travassos MA, Rangel C. Polarity reversal in PEM fuel cells by fuel starvation. In: 3° Seminário Internacional de Torres Vedras 2010, hydrogen energy and sustainability-advances in fuel cell and hydrogen workshop. Portugal. p. 48–52. Chrenko D, Péra M, Hissel D. Fuel cell system modeling and control with energetic macroscopic representation. In: International symposium on industrial electronics, ISIE. Vigo: IEEE; 2007. p. 169–74. Lee, Kwon, Thomas, Park, Choi (b0075) 2014; 114 Santucci, Sorniotti, Lekakou (b0040) 2014; 258 Hemi, Ghouili, Cheriti (b0060) 2015; 91 Escobedo Hernández E, Zamora Campos LA. Modelado dinámico de celdas de combustible, Master’s thesis. TecNM/CENIDET, Mexico; 2006. Pukrushpan J, Stefanopoulou A, Peng H. Modeling and control for PEM fuel cell stack system. In: Proceedings of the American control conference, vol. 4; 2002. p. 3117–22. Castaings, Lhomme, Trigui, Bouscayrol (b0210) 2016; 163 [Online; accessed 22-February-2016]. Bocklisch (b0015) 2015; 73 Bouscayrol A. Formalisme de Représentation et de Commande Appliqués aux Systèmes Electromécaniques Multimachines Multiconvertissuers, HDR thesis; Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille; 2003. Barrade P, Bouscayrol A. E.M.R. - an energy-flow based methodology dedicated for the control of multiphysics systems, Technical Report 62. October, CEDRAT; 2011. Tang, Yuan, Pan, Li, Chen, Li (b0100) 2010; 87 Boulon L, Hissel D, Péra MC., Pape O, Bouscayrol A. Energy based modeling of a 6-wheel drive hybrid heavy truck. In: 5th IEEE vehicle power and propulsion conference, VPPC ’09. p. 1316–21. Ettihir, Boulon, Agbossou (b0030) 2016; 163 Nasri, Sami, Cherif (b0055) 2016; 41 Gauchia L, Bouscayrol A, Sanz J, Trigui R, Barrade P. Fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor hybrid system for electric vehicle: modeling and control via energetic macroscopic representation. In: Vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC). Chicago (IL): IEEE; 2011. p. 1–6. Boulon L, Hissel D, Bouscayrol A, Pera M, Delarue P. Multi physics modelling and representation of power and energy sources for hybrid electric vehicles. In: Vehicle power and propulsion conference, VPPC. Harbin: IEEE; 2008. p. 1–6. Hou Y, Yang Z, Wan G. An improved dynamic voltage model of PEM fuel cell stack. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010;35:11154–60 [Hyceltec 2009 Conference]. Zubieta, Bonert (b0265) 2000; 36 Azib T, Remy G, Bethoux O, Marchand C. Control strategy with saturation management of a fuel cell/ultracapacitors hybrid vehicle. ni: Vehicle power and propulsion conference (VPPC). Lille: IEEE; 2010. p. 1–6. Sandoval, Alvarado, Carmona, Lopez, Gomez-Aguilar (b0270) 2017; 105 Pei, Chen (b0090) 2014; 125 Xing, Cai, Xu, Liu, Scott, Yan (b0240) 2016; 106 Feroldi (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0050) 2009; 190 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0195 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0150 Silva (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0235) 2014; 24 Dou (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0105) 2011; 196 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0110 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0275 Karami (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0070) 2014; 82 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0230 Agbli (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0175) 2011; 36 Zubieta (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0265) 2000; 36 Hemi (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0060) 2015; 91 Boulon (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0160) 2010; 57 Ettihir (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0030) 2016; 163 Chrenko (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0165) 2008 Boulon (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0155) 2012; 46 Garca (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0080) 2013; 40 Castaings (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0210) 2016; 163 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0140 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0260 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0145 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0220 Hautier (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0120) 1999 Tang (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0100) 2010; 87 Xing (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0240) 2016; 106 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0215 Wang (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0095) 2014; 39 Kim (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0185) 2015; 40 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0135 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0130 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0250 Lee (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0075) 2014; 114 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0255 Santucci (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0040) 2014; 258 Boscaino (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0020) 2014; 39 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0170 Sandoval (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0270) 2017; 105 Jia (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0180) 2014; 39 Tie (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0025) 2013; 20 Nasri (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0055) 2016; 41 Cruz Rojas (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0285) 2017; 9 Wu (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0005) 2016; 165 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0125 Hemi (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0065) 2014; 80 Meidanshahi (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0245) 2012; 93 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0205 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0085 Verma (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0115) 2014; 268 Olatomiwa (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0010) 2016; 62 Pei (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0090) 2014; 125 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0200 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0280 Dash (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0035) 2015; 9 Hwang (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0045) 2012; 37 Chen (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0225) 2008; 6 Bocklisch (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0015) 2015; 73 Wang (10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0190) 2013; 38 |
| References_xml | – volume: 196 start-page: 2759 year: 2011 end-page: 2762 ident: b0105 article-title: Behaviors of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under oxidant starvation publication-title: J Power Sour contributor: fullname: Lu – volume: 40 start-page: 12370 year: 2015 end-page: 12381 ident: b0185 article-title: Experimental and computational study on the dynamic interaction between load variation and back pressure control in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for automotive application publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Song – volume: 165 start-page: 81 year: 2016 end-page: 106 ident: b0005 article-title: A review of recent development: transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Wu – volume: 268 start-page: 733 year: 2014 end-page: 743 ident: b0115 article-title: Influence of membrane properties on the transient behavior of polymer electrolyte fuel cells publication-title: J Power Sour contributor: fullname: Pitchumani – volume: 114 start-page: 135 year: 2014 end-page: 145 ident: b0075 article-title: Graphical and mathematical analysis of fuel cell/battery passive hybridization with k factors publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Choi – volume: 82 start-page: 154 year: 2014 end-page: 168 ident: b0070 article-title: Energy management for a PEMFC-PV hybrid system publication-title: Energy Convers Manage contributor: fullname: Outbib – volume: 39 start-page: 12835 year: 2014 end-page: 12841 ident: b0180 article-title: Dynamic characteristics and mitigations of hydrogen starvations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells during start-ups publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Liu – volume: 87 start-page: 1410 year: 2010 end-page: 1417 ident: b0100 article-title: Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kw-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 57 start-page: 1882 year: 2010 end-page: 1891 ident: b0160 article-title: From modeling to control of a PEM fuel cell using energetic macroscopic representation publication-title: IEEE Trans Indust Electron contributor: fullname: Péra – volume: 190 start-page: 387 year: 2009 end-page: 401 ident: b0050 article-title: Energy management strategies based on efficiency map for fuel cell hybrid vehicles publication-title: J Power Sour contributor: fullname: Riera – volume: 258 start-page: 395 year: 2014 end-page: 407 ident: b0040 article-title: Power split strategies for hybrid energy storage systems for vehicular applications publication-title: J Power Sour contributor: fullname: Lekakou – volume: 40 start-page: 4791 year: 2013 end-page: 4804 ident: b0080 article-title: Control strategies for high-power electric vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor publication-title: Expert Syst Appl contributor: fullname: Jurado – volume: 62 start-page: 821 year: 2016 end-page: 835 ident: b0010 article-title: Energy management strategies in hybrid renewable energy systems: a review publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev contributor: fullname: Moghavvemi – volume: 38 start-page: 13381 year: 2013 end-page: 13392 ident: b0190 article-title: Design and experimental implementation of time delay control for air supply in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Kim – volume: 9 start-page: 68 year: 2015 end-page: 80 ident: b0035 article-title: Power management control strategy for a stand-alone solar photovoltaic-fuel cell-battery hybrid system publication-title: Sustain Energy Technol Assess contributor: fullname: Bajpai – volume: 36 start-page: 1382 year: 2011 end-page: 1398 ident: b0175 article-title: Multiphysics simulation of a PEM electrolyser: energetic macroscopic representation approach publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Doumbia – volume: 163 start-page: 190 year: 2016 end-page: 200 ident: b0210 article-title: Comparison of energy management strategies of a battery/supercapacitors system for electric vehicle under real-time constraints publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Bouscayrol – year: 2008 ident: b0165 article-title: Energetic macroscopic representation modeling and control of a low temperature fuel cell system fed by hydrocarbons, Theses contributor: fullname: Chrenko – volume: 9 year: 2017 ident: b0285 article-title: Control of the air supply subsystem in a PEMFC with balance of plant simulation publication-title: Sustainability contributor: fullname: Sandoval Torres – start-page: 308 year: 1999 ident: b0120 article-title: Le Graphe Informationnel Causal, un outil pour analyser, comprendre, représenter publication-title: Journées 3EI, Cachan contributor: fullname: Caron – volume: 73 start-page: 103 year: 2015 end-page: 111 ident: b0015 article-title: Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy applications publication-title: Energy Proc contributor: fullname: Bocklisch – volume: 41 start-page: 857 year: 2016 end-page: 865 ident: b0055 article-title: Power management strategy for hybrid autonomous power system using hydrogen storage publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Cherif – volume: 105 start-page: 407 year: 2017 end-page: 418 ident: b0270 article-title: Energy management control strategy to improve the fc/sc dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: a frequency based distribution publication-title: Renew Energy contributor: fullname: Gomez-Aguilar – volume: 91 start-page: 387 year: 2015 end-page: 393 ident: b0060 article-title: Combination of markov chain and optimal control solved by pontryagins minimum principle for a fuel cell/supercapacitor vehicle publication-title: Energy Convers Manage contributor: fullname: Cheriti – volume: 24 start-page: 906 year: 2014 end-page: 913 ident: b0235 article-title: Coupling bond graph and energetic macroscopic representation for electric vehicle simulation publication-title: Mechatronics contributor: fullname: Lemaire-Semail – volume: 39 start-page: 1195 year: 2014 end-page: 1209 ident: b0020 article-title: A review of fuel cell based hybrid power supply architectures and algorithms for household appliances publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Galluzzo – volume: 46 start-page: 81 year: 2012 end-page: 91 ident: b0155 article-title: A macroscopic PEM fuel cell model including water phenomena for vehicle simulation publication-title: Renew Energy contributor: fullname: Péra – volume: 106 start-page: 631 year: 2016 end-page: 645 ident: b0240 article-title: Numerical study of the effect of relative humidity and stoichiometric flow ratio on PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell performance with various channel lengths: an anode partial flooding modelling publication-title: Energy contributor: fullname: Yan – volume: 37 start-page: 4476 year: 2012 end-page: 4489 ident: b0045 article-title: The study on the power management system in a fuel cell hybrid vehicle publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Kuo – volume: 163 start-page: 142 year: 2016 end-page: 153 ident: b0030 article-title: Optimization-based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Agbossou – volume: 125 start-page: 60 year: 2014 end-page: 75 ident: b0090 article-title: Main factors affecting the lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: a review publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 93 start-page: 98 year: 2012 end-page: 105 ident: b0245 article-title: Dynamic modeling, optimization and control of power density in a PEM fuel cell publication-title: Appl Energy contributor: fullname: Karimi – volume: 80 start-page: 63 year: 2014 end-page: 70 ident: b0065 article-title: A real time fuzzy logic power management strategy for a fuel cell vehicle publication-title: Energy Convers Manage contributor: fullname: Cheriti – volume: 36 start-page: 199 year: 2000 end-page: 205 ident: b0265 article-title: Characterization of double-layer capacitors for power electronics applications publication-title: IEEE Trans Indust Appl contributor: fullname: Bonert – volume: 39 start-page: 14441 year: 2014 end-page: 14447 ident: b0095 article-title: Investigation of the recoverable degradation of PEM fuel cell operated under drive cycle and different humidities publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy contributor: fullname: Chang – volume: 20 start-page: 82 year: 2013 end-page: 102 ident: b0025 article-title: A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev contributor: fullname: Tan – volume: 6 start-page: 1097 year: 2008 end-page: 1102 ident: b0225 article-title: Energetic macroscopic representation and inversion-based control: application to an electric vehicle with an electrical differential publication-title: J Asian Electr Veh contributor: fullname: Lhomme – volume: 106 start-page: 631 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0240 article-title: Numerical study of the effect of relative humidity and stoichiometric flow ratio on PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell performance with various channel lengths: an anode partial flooding modelling publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.105 contributor: fullname: Xing – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0275 – volume: 41 start-page: 857 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0055 article-title: Power management strategy for hybrid autonomous power system using hydrogen storage publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.085 contributor: fullname: Nasri – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0200 doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2008.4677665 – volume: 36 start-page: 199 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0265 article-title: Characterization of double-layer capacitors for power electronics applications publication-title: IEEE Trans Indust Appl doi: 10.1109/28.821816 contributor: fullname: Zubieta – volume: 87 start-page: 1410 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0100 article-title: Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kw-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.047 contributor: fullname: Tang – volume: 46 start-page: 81 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0155 article-title: A macroscopic PEM fuel cell model including water phenomena for vehicle simulation publication-title: Renew Energy doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.03.009 contributor: fullname: Boulon – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0205 doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2010.5729194 – volume: 39 start-page: 1195 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0020 article-title: A review of fuel cell based hybrid power supply architectures and algorithms for household appliances publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.165 contributor: fullname: Boscaino – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0170 doi: 10.1109/ISIE.2007.4374593 – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0110 – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0260 doi: 10.1109/ACC.2002.1025268 – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0220 doi: 10.1109/CEIT.2015.7233074 – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0140 – volume: 91 start-page: 387 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0060 article-title: Combination of markov chain and optimal control solved by pontryagins minimum principle for a fuel cell/supercapacitor vehicle publication-title: Energy Convers Manage doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.035 contributor: fullname: Hemi – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0250 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.036 – volume: 268 start-page: 733 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0115 article-title: Influence of membrane properties on the transient behavior of polymer electrolyte fuel cells publication-title: J Power Sour doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.065 contributor: fullname: Verma – volume: 258 start-page: 395 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0040 article-title: Power split strategies for hybrid energy storage systems for vehicular applications publication-title: J Power Sour doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.118 contributor: fullname: Santucci – volume: 38 start-page: 13381 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0190 article-title: Design and experimental implementation of time delay control for air supply in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.040 contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 40 start-page: 12370 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0185 article-title: Experimental and computational study on the dynamic interaction between load variation and back pressure control in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for automotive application publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.101 contributor: fullname: Kim – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0150 doi: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6634727 – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0130 – volume: 190 start-page: 387 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0050 article-title: Energy management strategies based on efficiency map for fuel cell hybrid vehicles publication-title: J Power Sour doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.040 contributor: fullname: Feroldi – volume: 196 start-page: 2759 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0105 article-title: Behaviors of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under oxidant starvation publication-title: J Power Sour doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.005 contributor: fullname: Dou – volume: 105 start-page: 407 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0270 article-title: Energy management control strategy to improve the fc/sc dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: a frequency based distribution publication-title: Renew Energy doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.029 contributor: fullname: Sandoval – volume: 9 start-page: 68 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0035 article-title: Power management control strategy for a stand-alone solar photovoltaic-fuel cell-battery hybrid system publication-title: Sustain Energy Technol Assess contributor: fullname: Dash – volume: 163 start-page: 142 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0030 article-title: Optimization-based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.176 contributor: fullname: Ettihir – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0135 – volume: 9 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0285 article-title: Control of the air supply subsystem in a PEMFC with balance of plant simulation publication-title: Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su9010073 contributor: fullname: Cruz Rojas – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0165 contributor: fullname: Chrenko – volume: 24 start-page: 906 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0235 article-title: Coupling bond graph and energetic macroscopic representation for electric vehicle simulation publication-title: Mechatronics doi: 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.12.010 contributor: fullname: Silva – volume: 80 start-page: 63 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0065 article-title: A real time fuzzy logic power management strategy for a fuel cell vehicle publication-title: Energy Convers Manage doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.040 contributor: fullname: Hemi – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0085 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.043 – volume: 39 start-page: 12835 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0180 article-title: Dynamic characteristics and mitigations of hydrogen starvations in proton exchange membrane fuel cells during start-ups publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.06.061 contributor: fullname: Jia – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0145 – volume: 20 start-page: 82 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0025 article-title: A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.077 contributor: fullname: Tie – volume: 163 start-page: 190 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0210 article-title: Comparison of energy management strategies of a battery/supercapacitors system for electric vehicle under real-time constraints publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.020 contributor: fullname: Castaings – volume: 165 start-page: 81 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0005 article-title: A review of recent development: transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.075 contributor: fullname: Wu – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0195 doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544140 – volume: 82 start-page: 154 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0070 article-title: Energy management for a PEMFC-PV hybrid system publication-title: Energy Convers Manage doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.070 contributor: fullname: Karami – volume: 6 start-page: 1097 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0225 article-title: Energetic macroscopic representation and inversion-based control: application to an electric vehicle with an electrical differential publication-title: J Asian Electr Veh doi: 10.4130/jaev.6.1097 contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 62 start-page: 821 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0010 article-title: Energy management strategies in hybrid renewable energy systems: a review publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.040 contributor: fullname: Olatomiwa – volume: 37 start-page: 4476 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0045 article-title: The study on the power management system in a fuel cell hybrid vehicle publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.127 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 36 start-page: 1382 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0175 article-title: Multiphysics simulation of a PEM electrolyser: energetic macroscopic representation approach publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.069 contributor: fullname: Agbli – volume: 114 start-page: 135 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0075 article-title: Graphical and mathematical analysis of fuel cell/battery passive hybridization with k factors publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.053 contributor: fullname: Lee – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0280 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2014.6853988 – start-page: 308 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0120 article-title: Le Graphe Informationnel Causal, un outil pour analyser, comprendre, représenter publication-title: Journées 3EI, Cachan contributor: fullname: Hautier – volume: 125 start-page: 60 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0090 article-title: Main factors affecting the lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: a review publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.048 contributor: fullname: Pei – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0230 – volume: 93 start-page: 98 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0245 article-title: Dynamic modeling, optimization and control of power density in a PEM fuel cell publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.048 contributor: fullname: Meidanshahi – volume: 39 start-page: 14441 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0095 article-title: Investigation of the recoverable degradation of PEM fuel cell operated under drive cycle and different humidities publication-title: Int J Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.023 contributor: fullname: Wang – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0125 – volume: 40 start-page: 4791 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0080 article-title: Control strategies for high-power electric vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor publication-title: Expert Syst Appl doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2013.02.028 contributor: fullname: Garca – volume: 73 start-page: 103 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0015 article-title: Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy applications publication-title: Energy Proc doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.582 contributor: fullname: Bocklisch – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0255 – volume: 57 start-page: 1882 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0160 article-title: From modeling to control of a PEM fuel cell using energetic macroscopic representation publication-title: IEEE Trans Indust Electron doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2026760 contributor: fullname: Boulon – ident: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063_b0215 doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043246 |
| SSID | ssj0002120 |
| Score | 2.4634123 |
| Snippet | •Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1478 |
| SubjectTerms | Energetic macroscopic representation Hybrid system PEMFC Supercapacitor |
| Title | Hybrid PEMFC-supercapacitor system: Modeling and energy management in energetic macroscopic representation |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063 |
| Volume | 205 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3da9swEBdZ-rI9jK1bWbsP9LC3oMy2LNneW-gcskLHaLvRNyPLcpuQ2iaJB-tfv5Nl2S4EtjH2Iozwx6H7Wb_T6e6E0PsUzG7BmSRUuIL4VHES8iwnvpQ5VR6XqgnGXFwGX67DT7Efj0b2aMm-779qGvpA1zpz9i-03b0UOuAadA4taB3aP9L74qfOwZp8jc_np2RbV2ojgQ8l_Li2bLN2Augj0NY2P1GZ_L-7LhKmqSOiO3WGI_RrKpVl1VR7rvp8pWJo2Vpz1rysi_MpK3U_adrGA1-LTKxBqH7_51bI293kosw2y5va3HUBwNlkZYfF9Q-xEVnj0_2-1JsMk_NpFzdU3ql7Mrupl2sTKn42nU-HrgygR_eBK6PLsekDmpq8LocTvc4zjGWm6TDw9DQdDudxz2GDmdj1zdFALavDQtDfyxjGebGaisqMj472C0xVV9pzZBe5eKnF0dK4AdXhmcD-Bx7McWyMDmaf4-uzzgzw2pqgVvxBevr-r-23jAbWztUz9LRdpuCZwddzNFLFIXoyKF55iI7iPkcSbm1JYvsCrQwE8T4IYgPBj9gCEAMAsZES9wDEywJ3AMQDAOKHAHyJvs3jq9MFaY_0IJIyd0eCXKpIMsVlzly4pEAHjmAqyinLHekpznOV0pCnGRXUibLMSSMqheKpipzAo0doXJSFeoWwLwNgK1-FQaBr2XoR03u8TDg8bZblx-iDHc6kMpVbEhvSuEqsAhKtgESfxMrpMYrsqCet_WnsygTA8ptnT_7h2dfocf83vEHj3aZWb9GjbVa_a0H1C4r4sAM |
| link.rule.ids | 315,782,786,27935,27936 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hybrid+PEMFC-supercapacitor+system%3A+Modeling+and+energy+management+in+energetic+macroscopic+representation&rft.jtitle=Applied+energy&rft.au=Lopez+Lopez%2C+Guadalupe&rft.au=Schacht+Rodriguez%2C+Ricardo&rft.au=Alvarado%2C+Victor+M.&rft.au=Gomez-Aguilar%2C+J.F.&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0306-2619&rft.eissn=1872-9118&rft.volume=205&rft.spage=1478&rft.epage=1494&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2017.08.063&rft.externalDocID=S0306261917310802 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0306-2619&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0306-2619&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0306-2619&client=summon |