Breaking the mold: Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors

• Published in: Antiviral research Vol. 219; p. 105720
• Main Authors: Zhao, Menglu, Yan, Chun-Yan, Wei, Ya-Nan, Zhao, Xi-He
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01-11-2023
• Subjects: Antibody drug conjugate (ADC); Bispecific antibody; Drug resistance; PD-L1; PD-L1; Drug resistance; Bispecific antibody; Antibody drug conjugate (ADC)
• ISSN: 0166-3542; 1872-9096
• DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105720

Immune checkpoint blockade-based therapies are effective against a sorts of cancers. However, drug resistance is a problem that cannot be ignored. This review intends to elucidate the mechanisms underlying drug tolerance induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, as well as to outline proposed mechanism-based combination therapies and small molecule drugs that target intrinsic immunity and immune checkpoints. According to the differences of patients and types of cancer, the optimization of individualized combination therapy will help to enhance PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immunoregulation, reduce chemotherapy resistance, and provide new ideas for chemotherapy-resistant cancer.
•Clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors.•Mechanisms of drug resistance.•Treatments options after immune checkpoint resistance.•Basic researches on the mechanism of resistance in recent years.•Clinical studies of the drug after immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance.