Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Ultrasensitive Immunodetection of Cancer-Retina Antigens

• Published in: Biochemistry (Moscow) Vol. 87; no. 7; pp. 658 - 666
• Main Authors: Shlyapnikov, Yuri M., Malakhova, Ekaterina A., Potoldykova, Natalia V., Svetocheva, Yana A., Vinarov, Andrei Z., Zinchenko, Dmitry V., Zernii, Evgeni Yu, Zamyatnin, Andrey A., Shlyapnikova, Elena A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01-07-2022; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antigens; Arrestin; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Bioorganic Chemistry; Biopsy; Cancer; Carcinoma, Renal cell; Chi-square test; Confidence intervals; Diagnostic systems; Health aspects; Immunoassay; Kidney cancer; Kinases; Life Sciences; Low concentrations; Malignancy; Microbiology; Mortality; Nephrectomy; Recoverin; Renal cell carcinoma; Retina; Rhodopsin; Rhodopsin kinase; Russia; Transducin; Tumors; Russia; renal cell carcinoma; magnetic particles; cancer-retina antigens; immunoassay
• ISSN: 0006-2979; 1608-3040
• DOI: 10.1134/S0006297922070070

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common urological malignancy with a high mortality and low detection rate. One of the approaches to improving its diagnostics may be the search for new non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy and development of more sensitive methods for their detection. Cancer-retina antigens, which are known to be aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors, are present in liquid biopsy at extremely low concentrations. Using the developed multiplex immunoassay with a detection limit of 0.1 pg/ml, urine and serum samples of 89 patients with RCC and 50 non-cancer patients were examined for the presence of cancer-retina antigens (arrestin, recoverin, rhodopsin kinase, and transducin); the difference between the RCC and control groups was evaluated with the
χ
2
test. The results showed high diagnostic efficiency of a combination of arrestin and recoverin: at a threshold of 0.1 pg/ml, the sensitivity was 96%, specificity 92%, and AUC = 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.99). Seven days after nephrectomy, the concentration of the antigens returned to the level characteristic of the control group. Therefore, arrestin in a combination with recoverin can serve as a diagnostic non-invasive urinary biomarker of RCC.