Novel combination of a biosurfactant with entomopathogenic fungi enhances efficacy against Bemisia whitefly

• Published in: Pest management science Vol. 75; no. 11; pp. 2882 - 2891
• Main Authors: Nascimento Silva, Jaqueline, Mascarin, Gabriel M, Paula Vieira de Castro, Rui, Castilho, Leda R, Freire, Denise MG
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01-11-2019; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Beauveria - physiology; Beauveria bassiana; Bemisia tabaci; biological control; Chemical activity; Conidia; Cordyceps - physiology; Cordycipitaceae; Entomopathogenic fungi; Fungi; Glycolipids - pharmacology; Hemiptera - drug effects; Hemiptera - growth & development; Hemiptera - microbiology; Hydrophobicity; Insecticides - pharmacology; Insects; Microorganisms; Mortality; Nymph - drug effects; Nymph - growth & development; Nymph - microbiology; Organic chemistry; Pest Control, Biological - methods; Pesticides; Pollutants; Recovery; Rhamnolipid; Spores, Fungal - physiology; Spraying; Substrates; Surface-Active Agents - pharmacology; Surfactants; Cordycipitaceae; biological control; Rhamnolipid; Bemisia tabaci; conidia
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.5458

BACKGROUND
Microbial surfactants are multifunctional surface‐active molecules that have been overlooked in formulating microbial biopesticides. We report a novel approach using the biosurfactant rhamnolipid (RML) against the destructive cosmopolitan insect pest Bemisia tabaci, as well as the combined action of RML with aerial conidia of two entomopathogenic fungi, Cordyceps javanica and Beauveria bassiana. RML was also tested as a suspension agent to improve the recovery rate of conidia from solid substrate for fungal preparations.
RESULTS
The recovery rate of conidia increased dramatically (two to five times) with RML compared with a standard surfactant (Tween 80). Spraying solutions of 0.075% and 0.1% (w/v) RML on B. tabaci third instar nymphs induced 100% mortality within 4 days. Conidial suspensions at 5 × 106 conidia/mL amended with RML at 0.01% or 0.05% markedly increased nymphal mortalities and considerably reduced LC50. Conidial suspensions of B. bassiana with 0.05% RML added were more effective against whitefly nymphs (87.3% mortality) than C. javanica + RML (51.4% mortality).
CONCLUSION
Our results show that this bacterium‐based RML improved the recovery rate of hydrophobic conidia, and that mixtures of RML with fungal spore suspensions increased their insecticidal activity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Surfactants are important for the efficacy of biopesticides. This article highlights the bacterial rhamnolipid surfactant boosting fungal activity against whitefly and enhancing harvest of aerial conidia from solid substrates.