Modified Gold Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Determination of Heavy Metals
Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gol...
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| Published in: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 15; p. 4935 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Abstract | Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (
) or α-aminophosphonate (
) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb
and Hg
in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg
and Pb
, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb
ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor
, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in
led to greater sensitivity towards Hg
ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb
and Hg
with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM
cm
and 10 µA nM
cm
, respectively, for Pb
and Hg
. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb2+ ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM−1cm−2 and 10 µA nM−1cm−2, respectively, for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino ( ) or α-aminophosphonate ( ) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb and Hg in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg and Pb , either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor , while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in led to greater sensitivity towards Hg ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb and Hg with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM cm and 10 µA nM cm , respectively, for Pb and Hg . The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb[sup.2+] and Hg[sup.2+] in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg[sup.2+] and Pb[sup.2+], either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb[sup.2+] ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg[sup.2+] ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb[sup.2+] and Hg[sup.2+] with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM[sup.−1]cm[sup.−2] and 10 µA nM[sup.−1]cm[sup.−2], respectively, for Pb[sup.2+] and Hg[sup.2+]. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources. Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb2+ ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM-1cm-2 and 10 µA nM-1cm-2, respectively, for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources.Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb2+ ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM-1cm-2 and 10 µA nM-1cm-2, respectively, for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Neri, Giovanni Espro, Claudia Iannazzo, Daniela Celesti, Consuelo Legnani, Laura Giofrè, Salvatore Vincenzo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Consuelo orcidid: 0000-0003-1393-477X surname: Celesti fullname: Celesti, Consuelo organization: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Salvatore Vincenzo orcidid: 0000-0002-3117-587X surname: Giofrè fullname: Giofrè, Salvatore Vincenzo organization: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Claudia orcidid: 0000-0003-4081-1716 surname: Espro fullname: Espro, Claudia organization: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Laura orcidid: 0000-0002-3236-0364 surname: Legnani fullname: Legnani, Laura organization: Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Giovanni orcidid: 0000-0001-8999-060X surname: Neri fullname: Neri, Giovanni organization: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Daniela orcidid: 0000-0003-2190-0035 surname: Iannazzo fullname: Iannazzo, Daniela organization: Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy |
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