Production of upgraded biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction using clays as in situ catalysts

[Display omitted] •Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using montmorillonite, dolomite, kaolin, and sand.•Clay catalyst enhanced water-soluble and insoluble bio-oil yield and energy recovery.•Dolomite suppressed char formation to greatest extent.•80% of water-soluble, 40% of water-insoluble bio-oil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Energy conversion and management Vol. 247; p. 114764
Main Authors:	Ma, Qiulin, Wang, Kui, Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan, Tester, Jefferson W., Huang, Guangqun, Han, Lujia, Goldfarb, Jillian L.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2021 Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:	Biocrude Boiling points Calorific value Catalysts Char formation Chemical composition Chromatography Clay Clay mineral Clay minerals Dolomite Energy recovery Heterogeneous catalyst Hydrothermal liquefaction Kaolinite Liquefaction Minerals Montmorillonite Water-soluble oil HTL SSC Hydrothermal liquefaction EL WSB DL Heterogeneous catalyst Energy recovery WISB CR DCM TGA GC-MS SC Biocrude EW DW DSC Clay mineral HHV KSC Water-soluble oil EA MSC
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