Bears and humans, a Neanderthal tale. Reconstructing uncommon behaviors from zooarchaeological evidence in southern Europe

Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental resources (shelters and food) in Europe. In order to reinforce this view and contribute to the ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior, we present evidence from zooarchaeological...

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Published in:	Journal of archaeological science Vol. 90; pp. 71 - 91
Main Authors:	Romandini, Matteo, Terlato, Gabriele, Nannini, Nicola, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Benazzi, Stefano, Peresani, Marco
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2018
Subjects:	Brown bear Cave Cave bear Hunting Italy Middle palaeolithic Taphonomy Cave Cave bear Hunting Brown bear Italy Middle palaeolithic Taphonomy
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Abstract	Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental resources (shelters and food) in Europe. In order to reinforce this view and contribute to the ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior, we present evidence from zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses of bear bone remains discovered at Rio Secco Cave and Fumane Cave in northeast Italy, an extended geographic area north of the Adriatic Sea. The remains from both caves come from layers dated to 49-42 ky cal. BP, and suggest close interactions between humans and bears, with data not only limited to the association of Mousterian lithic artifacts with numerous bear remains, but also the detection of clearly preserved traces of human modification such as cut and percussion marks, which enable a reconstruction of the main steps of fur recovery and the butchering process. Examples of Neanderthal bear exploitation are extremely sporadic in Europe, and Grotta Rio Secco and Grotta Fumane can be considered rare cases of remain accumulations generated by the human predation of bears of varied age classes during or near the end of hibernation. All of this evidence suggests that bears had a strategic role in the nomadic economy of Neanderthal hunting groups. •Cave bear, brown bear and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental shelters and food.•Examples of Neanderthal bear exploitation are extremely sporadic in Western Eurasia.•Bone taphonomy from caves in Southern Alps suggests Neanderthals hunted cave and brown bears.•Ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior is feeded.
AbstractList	Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental resources (shelters and food) in Europe. In order to reinforce this view and contribute to the ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior, we present evidence from zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses of bear bone remains discovered at Rio Secco Cave and Fumane Cave in northeast Italy, an extended geographic area north of the Adriatic Sea. The remains from both caves come from layers dated to 49-42 ky cal. BP, and suggest close interactions between humans and bears, with data not only limited to the association of Mousterian lithic artifacts with numerous bear remains, but also the detection of clearly preserved traces of human modification such as cut and percussion marks, which enable a reconstruction of the main steps of fur recovery and the butchering process. Examples of Neanderthal bear exploitation are extremely sporadic in Europe, and Grotta Rio Secco and Grotta Fumane can be considered rare cases of remain accumulations generated by the human predation of bears of varied age classes during or near the end of hibernation. All of this evidence suggests that bears had a strategic role in the nomadic economy of Neanderthal hunting groups. •Cave bear, brown bear and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental shelters and food.•Examples of Neanderthal bear exploitation are extremely sporadic in Western Eurasia.•Bone taphonomy from caves in Southern Alps suggests Neanderthals hunted cave and brown bears.•Ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior is feeded.
Author	Terlato, Gabriele Peresani, Marco Benazzi, Stefano Romandini, Matteo Tagliacozzo, Antonio Nannini, Nicola
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Matteo surname: Romandini fullname: Romandini, Matteo email: matteo.romandini@unibo.it organization: Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Gabriele surname: Terlato fullname: Terlato, Gabriele email: gabriele.terlato@gmail.com organization: Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, Ferrara, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Nicola surname: Nannini fullname: Nannini, Nicola email: nicola.nannini@unife.it organization: Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, Ferrara, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Antonio surname: Tagliacozzo fullname: Tagliacozzo, Antonio email: antonio.tagliacozzo@beniculturali.it organization: Polo Museale del Lazio, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, I-00144 Rome, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Stefano surname: Benazzi fullname: Benazzi, Stefano email: stefano.benazzi@unibo.it organization: Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Marco surname: Peresani fullname: Peresani, Marco email: marco.peresani@unife.it organization: Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, Ferrara, Italy
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Snippet	Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and Neanderthals were potential competitors for environmental resources (shelters and food) in Europe....
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SubjectTerms	Brown bear Cave Cave bear Hunting Italy Middle palaeolithic Taphonomy
Title	Bears and humans, a Neanderthal tale. Reconstructing uncommon behaviors from zooarchaeological evidence in southern Europe
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