The use of a combined profunda femoris perforator-based fasciocutaneous flap and gracilis muscle flap in the treatment of ischial pressure wounds in patients with limited mobility

• Published in: European journal of plastic surgery Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 379 - 384
• Main Authors: Fitzpatrick, Siobhan, Ahn, Chris, Cha, Jeon, Hassall, Megan, Gillies, Rowan, Zoumaras, Jack, Vandervord, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2019
• Subjects: Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original Paper; Plastic Surgery; Gracilis flap; Ischial pressure ulcer; Perforator flap
• DOI: 10.1007/s00238-019-01523-z
• EISSN: 1435-0130
• ISSN: 0930-343X

Background
Although general principles of pressure wound management begin with optimisation of patient and wound factors to promote healing, refractory cases may require surgical intervention. Compared with other areas, ischial tuberosity (IT) wounds tend to occur in wheelchair-bound patients and may respond well to surgical debridement and flap reconstruction where added tissue bulk is preventative for further pressure ulcer formation. IT ulcers may occur in patients with some degree of ambulatory potential or those who have a temporary impairment. While the most commonly used flap for typical IT ulcers is the musculocutaneous hamstring flap, for these patients, this is not suitable due to the sacrifice of muscle function. We designed a combined posterior thigh flap with pedicled gracilis to provide robust coverage and vascularised muscle bulk, while preserving hamstring function and potential for re-advancement in ulcer recurrence.
Methods
Patients were selected for their grade of ulcer, compliance with physiotherapy, and their need to preserve muscle function. Each underwent surgical debridement and reconstruction using the combination flap. End-points included wound coverage, post-operative mobility, and complications. Follow-up was 3 months post-surgery.
Results
All patients achieved complete coverage of their wound. In the follow-up period, there were no wound complications or ulcer recurrence.
Conclusion
We describe a novel reconstruction method for IT pressure ulcers that maintains patient mobility. This combination perforator-based fasciocutaneous and gracilis flap is a superior reconstructive option that has reduced donor site morbidity and relatively simple operative technique and can be reutilised in ulcer recurrence.
Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.