Large-area fabrication of low- and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures on carbon fibers

• Published in: Carbon (New York) Vol. 133; pp. 176 - 185
• Main Authors: Kunz, Clemens, Büttner, Tobias N., Naumann, Björn, Boehm, Anne V., Gnecco, Enrico, Bonse, Jörn, Neumann, Christof, Turchanin, Andrey, Müller, Frank A., Gräf, Stephan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2018; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Atomic force microscopy; Atomic structure; Carbon fibers; Fast Fourier transformations; Fiber reinforced concretes; Fiber reinforced plastics; Fiber reinforced polymers; Fiber reinforcement; Fourier transforms; fs-laser; High-spatial-frequency LIPSS (HSFL); Hybrid structures; Irradiation; Large area structuring; Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); Lasers; Low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL); Morphology; Organic chemistry; Polymers; Pulse duration; Raman spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrum analysis; Superposition (mathematics); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; High-spatial-frequency LIPSS (HSFL); Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); Carbon fibers; fs-laser; Low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL); Raman spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Large area structuring
• ISSN: 0008-6223; 1873-3891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.035

The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated on carbon fibers under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. The LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different values of the laser peak fluence and number of pulses per spot. The morphology of the generated structures was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fast-Fourier transform analyses. Moreover, the material structure and the surface chemistry of the carbon fibers before and after laser irradiation was analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Large areas in the cm2 range of carbon fiber arrangements were successfully processed with homogenously distributed high- and low-spatial frequency LIPSS. Beyond those distinct nanostructures, hybrid structures were realized for the very first time by a superposition of both types of LIPSS in a two-step process. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on carbon fibers that could be of particular interest for e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and concretes.
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