Preview Distance Index for the Analysis of Powered Wheelchair Driving
Background This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of new features, etc.) it is necessary to define driving performance criteria. The aim of this work is to validate a new performance index for PW...
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Published in: | Ingénierie et recherche biomédicale Vol. 39; no. 3; pp. 194 - 205 |
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01-06-2018
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Abstract | Background This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of new features, etc.) it is necessary to define driving performance criteria. The aim of this work is to validate a new performance index for PW driving analysis.
Methods The validation was carried out in two stages. First, we modelled the human-machine system consisting of the pilot and the PW with the OPCM model (Optimal Preview Control Model) and we deduced the importance of the preview time Tp or its equivalent, the preview distance Dp. Experiments on a panel of 15 healthy subjects were carried out on the 3D simulator ViEW (Virtual Electrical Wheelchair) associated with an eye-tracker system and allowed to validate this modelling. In the second stage, the healthy panel was separated into two skill-level groups (accustomed/novice).
Results The experimental results showed that the parameter Dp is representative of the driving quality: accustomed drivers get greater values of Dp than the novice users during the driving. To illustrate this assertion, we conclude by a case study conducted on five subjects with motor disabilities.
Conclusion This work showed that Dp allows to differentiate accustomed users from the novice ones using a test on healthy subjects. A second test on subjects with disabilities showed that this indicator can be used for analysing their abilities to drive the PW.
•Analysis of the behaviour of the Pilot–Wheelchair system by optimal preview model.•Preview distance Dp estimated using an eye tracking system.•Distance Dp for healthy subjects can be used as driving indicator.•Distance Dp for people with disabilities can be used as performance indicator. |
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AbstractList | Background This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of new features, etc.) it is necessary to define driving performance criteria. The aim of this work is to validate a new performance index for PW driving analysis.
Methods The validation was carried out in two stages. First, we modelled the human-machine system consisting of the pilot and the PW with the OPCM model (Optimal Preview Control Model) and we deduced the importance of the preview time Tp or its equivalent, the preview distance Dp. Experiments on a panel of 15 healthy subjects were carried out on the 3D simulator ViEW (Virtual Electrical Wheelchair) associated with an eye-tracker system and allowed to validate this modelling. In the second stage, the healthy panel was separated into two skill-level groups (accustomed/novice).
Results The experimental results showed that the parameter Dp is representative of the driving quality: accustomed drivers get greater values of Dp than the novice users during the driving. To illustrate this assertion, we conclude by a case study conducted on five subjects with motor disabilities.
Conclusion This work showed that Dp allows to differentiate accustomed users from the novice ones using a test on healthy subjects. A second test on subjects with disabilities showed that this indicator can be used for analysing their abilities to drive the PW.
•Analysis of the behaviour of the Pilot–Wheelchair system by optimal preview model.•Preview distance Dp estimated using an eye tracking system.•Distance Dp for healthy subjects can be used as driving indicator.•Distance Dp for people with disabilities can be used as performance indicator. Background. This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of new features, etc.) it is necessary to define driving performance criteria. The aim of this work is to validate a new performance index for PW driving analysis.Methods. The validation was carried out in two stages. First, we modelled the human-machine system consisting of the pilot and the PW with the OPCM model (Optimal Preview Control Model) and we deduced the importance of the preview time or its equivalent, the preview distance . Experiments on a panel of 15 healthy subjects were carried out on the 3D simulator ViEW (Virtual Electrical Wheelchair) associated with an eye-tracker system and allowed to validate this modelling. In the second stage, the healthy panel was separated into two skill-level groups (accustomed/novice).Results. The experimental results showed that the parameter is representative of the driving quality: accustomed drivers get greater values of than the novice users during the driving. To illustrate this assertion, we conclude by a case study conducted on five subjects with motor disabilities.Conclusion. This work showed that allows to differentiate accustomed users from the novice ones using a test on healthy subjects. A second test on subjects with disabilities showed that this indicator can be used for analysing their abilities to drive the PW. |
Author | Bigaut, N. Zatla, H. Hadj-Abdelkader, A. Guilmois, G. Bourhis, G. Demet, K. Morère, Y. Cosnuau, K. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: H. surname: Zatla fullname: Zatla, H. email: hicham.zatla@gmail.com organization: Laboratoire d'Automatique de Tlemcen, Université de Tlemcen, BP 230, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria – sequence: 2 givenname: Y. orcidid: 0000-0002-2499-7576 surname: Morère fullname: Morère, Y. organization: LCOMS, Université de Lorraine, 7 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France – sequence: 3 givenname: A. surname: Hadj-Abdelkader fullname: Hadj-Abdelkader, A. organization: Laboratoire d'Automatique de Tlemcen, Université de Tlemcen, BP 230, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria – sequence: 4 givenname: G. surname: Bourhis fullname: Bourhis, G. organization: LCOMS, Université de Lorraine, 7 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France – sequence: 5 givenname: K. surname: Demet fullname: Demet, K. organization: Centre de Médecine Physique de Réadaptation pour Enfants, IRR de Nancy, 54630 Flavigny sur Moselle, France – sequence: 6 givenname: G. surname: Guilmois fullname: Guilmois, G. organization: Centre de Médecine Physique de Réadaptation pour Enfants, IRR de Nancy, 54630 Flavigny sur Moselle, France – sequence: 7 givenname: N. surname: Bigaut fullname: Bigaut, N. organization: Centre de Médecine Physique de Réadaptation pour Enfants, IRR de Nancy, 54630 Flavigny sur Moselle, France – sequence: 8 givenname: K. surname: Cosnuau fullname: Cosnuau, K. organization: Centre de Médecine Physique de Réadaptation pour Enfants, IRR de Nancy, 54630 Flavigny sur Moselle, France |
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Keywords | Driving simulator Eye-tracking OPCM model Powered wheelchair |
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control publication-title: Biol Cybern contributor: fullname: Nash – start-page: 2093 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.03.001_br0140 article-title: A review of visual driver models for system identification purposes contributor: fullname: Steen – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.03.001_br0040 article-title: Powered wheelchair simulator: application to people with multiple sclerosis publication-title: AMSE J contributor: fullname: Morère – volume: 46 start-page: 60 issue: 01 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.03.001_br0240 article-title: Gross motor function classification system: impact and utility publication-title: Dev Med Child Neurol doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00436.x contributor: fullname: Morris – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.03.001_br0220 contributor: fullname: Hadj Abdelkader – volume: 19 start-page: 381 issue: 4 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.03.001_br0210 article-title: New results in driver steering control models, human factors publication-title: J Hum Factors Ergon Soc doi: 10.1177/001872087701900406 contributor: fullname: McRuer |
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Snippet | Background This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of... Background. This article deals with powered wheelchair (PW) simulators. In any application of simulation (learning, medical prescription, experimentation of... |
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StartPage | 194 |
SubjectTerms | Automatic Driving simulator Engineering Sciences Eye-tracking OPCM model Powered wheelchair |
Title | Preview Distance Index for the Analysis of Powered Wheelchair Driving |
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