Disorders of attention and activity level in a referral population

Of 614 children referred for an evaluation of hyperactivity and inattention, the 422 (68.7%) who qualified for a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) were compared with the 192 (31.3%) who did not. The children with ADD had significantly higher full-scale IQ scores, verbal scores, and paren...

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Published in:Pediatrics (Evanston) Vol. 85; no. 3; pp. 426 - 431
Main Authors: ACCARDO, P. J, BLONDIS, T. A, WHITMAN, B. Y
Format: Conference Proceeding Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elk Grove Village, IL American Academy of Pediatrics 01-03-1990
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Abstract Of 614 children referred for an evaluation of hyperactivity and inattention, the 422 (68.7%) who qualified for a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) were compared with the 192 (31.3%) who did not. The children with ADD had significantly higher full-scale IQ scores, verbal scores, and parental educational levels. They also had a significantly higher incidence of specific learning disabilities (73.7%). The absence of hyperactivity in children with ADD further exaggerated the differences in learning disability between the two groups. Cognitive limitation, severe parental psychopathology, and child neglect/abuse were significantly higher in the group without ADD. The two groups did not differ in the incidence of parental or child depressive symptomatology, motor diagnoses, language disorders, conduct disorders, and psychosomatic complaints. That only 29 children in whom ADD was absent (4.7% of all referrals) had been given a trial of stimulant medication does not support the presence of a major abuse of such drugs in the community.
AbstractList Of 614 children referred for an evaluation of hyperactivity and inattention, the 422 (68.7%) who qualified for a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) were compared with the 192 (31.3%) who did not. The children with ADD had significantly higher full-scale IQ scores, verbal scores, and parental educational levels. They also had a significantly higher incidence of specific learning disabilities (73.7%). The absence of hyperactivity in children with ADD further exaggerated the differences in learning disability between the two groups. Cognitive limitation, severe parental psychopathology, and child neglect/abuse were significantly higher in the group without ADD. The two groups did not differ in the incidence of parental or child depressive symptomatology, motor diagnoses, language disorders, conduct disorders, and psychosomatic complaints. That only 29 children in whom ADD was absent (4.7% of all referrals) had been given a trial of stimulant medication does not support the presence of a major abuse of such drugs in the community.
Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder (ADD) are related, but distinct problems affecting the learning ability and behavior of children. Children referred to a child development center for evaluation of inattentive and hyperactive behavior were studied in order to relate their diagnosis to various emotional and learning problems. Of the 614 children evaluated during a six-year period, 422 (68.7 percent) were diagnosed with ADD and 192 (31.3 percent) were not diagnosed with this disorder. These two groups were then compared; it was noted that 66.8 percent of the ADD children were also diagnosed as hyperactive. Children with ADD had significantly higher IQs (intelligence quotients) and verbal test scores, and their parents had achieved a higher educational level. The ADD group also had more specific learning disabilities. There were significant differences between the two groups of children. Subjects in the group without ADD were more likely to have suffered child abuse or neglect and exhibit intellectual limitations. Their parents were more likely to show evidence of severe psychiatric illness. Factors that did not differ between the groups were depression in the children or parents, motor skill problems, language disorders, conduct disorders, and psychosomatic complaints. The previous use of medications to treat behavior problems in all the children was also investigated. Twenty-nine of the children without a diagnosis of ADD (4.7 percent) had been treated inappropriately with stimulant medication in the past, but in most of these cases the drug was discontinued as soon as it was noted to be ineffective. This does not suggest that stimulant drugs are being prescribed irresponsibly for a large number of children, as some critics of treatment for ADD and hyperactivity have claimed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Audience Professional
Academic
Author ACCARDO, P. J
BLONDIS, T. A
WHITMAN, B. Y
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  organization: St Louis univ. school medicin, dep. pediatrics adolescent medicine, Chicago IL, United States
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PublicationTitle Pediatrics (Evanston)
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Snippet Of 614 children referred for an evaluation of hyperactivity and inattention, the 422 (68.7%) who qualified for a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD)...
Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder (ADD) are related, but distinct problems affecting the learning ability and behavior of children. Children...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biological and medical sciences
Case studies
Child
Child Abuse - psychology
Child, Preschool
Diagnosis
Family
Female
Humans
Hyperactive children
Hyperactivity
Hyperkinesia
Infant
Intelligence
Learning disabilities
Learning disorders
Learning Disorders - complications
Male
Medical sciences
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Referral and Consultation
Title Disorders of attention and activity level in a referral population
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2304804
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