LC.MS-based chemical profiling of Aristotle's lantern and viscera of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei collected from the Red Sea and evaluation of their antiviral activity

• Published in: Future journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 113 - 9
• Main Authors: Abdelaziz, Yousra A., Khallaf, Iman S. A., Alian, Abdallah, Ibrahim, Ahmed A. A., Desoky, Ezz-Eldin K., Abdelkarem, Fahd M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-12-2024; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Drug dosages; Echinometra mathaei; Fatty acids; Glycerol; Herpes viruses; HSV-1; Infections; LC/MS; Mass spectrometry; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolites; Organisms; Peptides; Scientific imaging; Sea urchin; Viral infections; United States > US; Red Sea; Egypt; LC/MS; Sea urchin; HSV-1
• ISSN: 2314-7253; 2314-7245; 2314-7253
• DOI: 10.1186/s43094-024-00687-1

Background
Echinometra mathaei
(family Echinometridae), is one of the sea urchins widely distributed on the Egyptian coasts in the Red Sea. This organism contains edible and non-edible parts. The present study was carried out to analyze and identify the metabolites present in the non-edible parts (Aristotle's lantern and viscera) using LC/MS. Also, the cytotoxic activity on
Vero
cell line and antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 were evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay.
Results
Chemical profiling of the crude extracts of Aristotle's lantern and viscera using LC/MS indicated the presence of 51 and 59 compounds, respectively. The main metabolites present in both non-edible parts were phospholipids, amino acids, peptides, fatty acids and glycerol derivatives. However, the characteristic difference was the presence of carotenoid pigments only in viscera. The crude extract of Aristotle's lantern and viscera showed no cytotoxic activity on
Vero
cell line and significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus with an IC
50
value equal to 115.48 ± 1.20 and 122.4 ± 0.50 µg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions
In the present study, the crude extracts of the non-edible parts of
E. mathaei
were analyzed using LC.MS.MS.QTOF and indicated the existence of 110 chemical compounds, with significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and no cytotoxic activity. The diversity of the identified compounds with two main categories of compounds, phospholipids and peptides, may contribute to the antiviral activity of Aristotle's lantern and viscera. Additionally, this research focused on clarification of nutritive, pharmaceutical and economic values of these parts. As future prospects, further studies are required to isolate the metabolites and assess the detailed mechanism of antiviral activity via in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies.