Finding and Tracking a Phytoplankton Patch by a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

• Published in: IEEE journal of oceanic engineering Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 322 - 330
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yanwu, Godin, Michael A., Kieft, Brian, Raanan, Ben-Yair, Ryan, John P., Hobson, Brett W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01-04-2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algae; Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV); Autonomous underwater vehicles; Biogeochemical cycles; Biological activity; Chlorophyll; Chlorophylls; Coastal ecosystems; Ecological effects; Legged locomotion; locate; Marine ecology; Marine ecosystems; Ocean surface; Optical communication; Paleoceanography; Patches (structures); Phytoplankton; phytoplankton patch; Plankton; Primary production; Propulsion; Remote observing; Remote sensing; Satellites; Sea measurements; Sea surface; track; Tracking; Underwater vehicles
• DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2021.3122195
• EISSN: 1558-1691
• ISSN: 0364-9059

Phytoplankton (microscopic algae) play an important role in marine ecology. Resulting from a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes, the distribution of phytoplankton is patchy, particularly in coastal marine ecosystems. Patches of high chlorophyll represent areas where enhanced primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling can occur. The scientific goal is to place observations within these biological hotspots to enable more extensive characterization of the environment and plankton populations. Aerial or satellite remote sensing can detect optical signal originating from phytoplankton within a limited depth range only near the ocean surface, and application of remote sensing is limited by atmospheric clarity. To observe the development of patchy phytoplankton communities in situ , we need the ability to locate and track individual patches. In this article, we present a method for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to autonomously find and climb on a positive horizontal gradient of chlorophyll to locate and track a phytoplankton patch. In two experiments in 2021, a Tethys -class long-range AUV autonomously located and tracked phytoplankton patches in southern Monterey Bay, CA, USA. The experiments demonstrated effectiveness of the method and pointed to the need for increased onboard adaptiveness in autonomous patch finding and tracking.