Optimization-Based Cell Selection Method for Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in different applications. Due to low-loss operation, compactness, and high modularity, MMC is extremely attractive for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. The HVDC station loss is highly related to the converter switching pul...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 2780 - 2790
Main Authors:	Hassanpoor, Arman, Roostaei, Amin, Norrga, Staffan, Lindgren, Markus
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01-04-2016 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Capacitors Heuristic High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission HVDC transmission Modular multilevel converter modular multilevel converter (MMC) Optimization algorithms Power conversion Simulation Switches Switching Switching frequency Switching loss Tin Voltage control Zero current switching switching frequency zero-current switching power conversion switching loss High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission modular multilevel converter (MMC)
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Abstract	Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in different applications. Due to low-loss operation, compactness, and high modularity, MMC is extremely attractive for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. The HVDC station loss is highly related to the converter switching pulse pattern, which is generated by modulation algorithm and cell selection methods. This paper formulates the switching pulse pattern generation, as a versatile optimization problem. The problem constraints and objectives are formulated for HVDC applications and compared with similar problems in the field of computer science. To overcome the computational complexity in solving the introduced optimization problem, a heuristic method is proposed for cell selection algorithm. The method utilizes the current level in order to obtain lossless switching at zero-current crossings. The study of the proposed method, in a time-domain simulation platform, shows that the method can reduce the switching converter losses by 60% compared to carrier-based modulation, maintaining the same capacitor voltage ripple. Eventually, the practical functionality of the proposed method is verified in a real-time digital simulator, RTDS, for a 512-level converter in a point to point HVDC link. Although this paper focuses on HVDC, the mathematical model is applicable for any MMC application.
AbstractList	Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in different applications. Due to low-loss operation, compactness, and high modularity, MMC is extremely attractive for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. The HVDC station loss is highly related to the converter switching pulse pattern, which is generated by modulation algorithm and cell selection methods. This paper formulates the switching pulse pattern generation, as a versatile optimization problem. The problem constraints and objectives are formulated for HVDC applications and compared with similar problems in the field of computer science. To overcome the computational complexity in solving the introduced optimization problem, a heuristic method is proposed for cell selection algorithm. The method utilizes the current level in order to obtain lossless switching at zero-current crossings. The study of the proposed method, in a time-domain simulation platform, shows that the method can reduce the switching converter losses by 60% compared to carrier-based modulation, maintaining the same capacitor voltage ripple. Eventually, the practical functionality of the proposed method is verified in a real-time digital simulator, RTDS, for a 512-level converter in a point to point HVDC link. Although this paper focuses on HVDC, the mathematical model is applicable for any MMC application.
Author	Lindgren, Markus Roostaei, Amin Norrga, Staffan Hassanpoor, Arman
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Arman surname: Hassanpoor fullname: Hassanpoor, Arman email: armanhc@kth.se organization: Sch. of Electr. Eng., R. Inst. of Technol. (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Amin surname: Roostaei fullname: Roostaei, Amin email: amin.roostaei@afconsult.com organization: Electron. Design, ÅF Technol. AB, Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: Staffan surname: Norrga fullname: Norrga, Staffan email: norrga@kth.se organization: Sch. of Electr. Eng., R. Inst. of Technol. (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Markus surname: Lindgren fullname: Lindgren, Markus email: markus.r.lindgren@se.abb.com organization: Corp. Res., Autom. Solutions, ABB, Vasteras, Sweden
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Keywords	switching frequency zero-current switching power conversion switching loss High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission modular multilevel converter (MMC)
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Snippet	Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in different applications. Due to low-loss operation, compactness, and high modularity, MMC is extremely...
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SubjectTerms	Capacitors Heuristic High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission HVDC transmission Modular multilevel converter modular multilevel converter (MMC) Optimization algorithms Power conversion Simulation Switches Switching Switching frequency Switching loss Tin Voltage control Zero current switching
Title	Optimization-Based Cell Selection Method for Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converters
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