Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities

Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a debilitating and severe manifestation of uncontrolled and prolonged diabetes that presents as ulceration, usually located on the plantar aspect of the foot. Approximately 15% of individuals with diabetes will eventually develop DFU, and 14%-24% of them will require amp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:World journal of clinical cases Vol. 11; no. 8; pp. 1684 - 1693
Main Authors: Raja, Joel M, Maturana, Miguel A, Kayali, Sharif, Khouzam, Amir, Efeovbokhan, Nephertiti
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 16-03-2023
Subjects:
Minireviews
Ulcer
Cell therapy
Diabetes
Antibiotics
Foot
Revascularization
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Summary:Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a debilitating and severe manifestation of uncontrolled and prolonged diabetes that presents as ulceration, usually located on the plantar aspect of the foot. Approximately 15% of individuals with diabetes will eventually develop DFU, and 14%-24% of them will require amputation of the ulcerated foot due to bone infection or other ulcer-related complications. The pathologic mechanisms underlying DFU are comprise a triad: Neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, and secondary infection due to trauma of the foot. Standard local and invasive care along with novel approaches like stem cell therapy pave the way to reduce morbidity, decrease amputations, and prevent mortality from DFU. In this manuscript, we review the current literature with focus on the pathophysiology, preventive options, and definitive management of DFU.
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Corresponding author: Joel M Raja, MD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2750 Mcvay Road, Memphis, TN 38119, United States. jraja@uthsc.edu
Author contributions: Raja JM, Khouzam A, Maturana MA, Kayali S, Efeovbokhan N all contributed equally to the manuscript; all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
ISSN:2307-8960
2307-8960
DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1684