Impact of UV disinfection on potential of personal care products components on chlorination by-products formation in swimming pool water

• Published in: Desalination and water treatment Vol. 134; pp. 65 - 75
• Main Authors: Włodyka-Bergier, Agnieszka, Bergier, Tomasz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01-12-2018
• Subjects: Disinfection by-products; Parabens; Swimming pool water; UV disinfection; UV filters; Disinfection by-products; UV disinfection; Swimming pool water; UV filters; Parabens
• ISSN: 1944-3986
• DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2018.22655

The article presents the results of studies on an impact of UV radiation on the potential to form several organic chlorination by-products in the model solutions, containing the ingredients of body care products (i.e., UV filters and parabens). The research was conducted on seven UV filters (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, octocrylene, benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl salicylate, octyl dimethyl-para-amino-benzoic acid) and three parabens (methyl paraben, propyl paraben, ethyl paraben). The following by-products were studied: trihalomethanes (trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, tribromomethane), haloacetic acids (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, bromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid), haloacetonitriles (bromochloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile), haloketones (1,1-dichloro-2-propanone, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone), chloropicrin, and chloral hydrate. The test of by-products formation potential was applied in the studies, with 24 h time of swimming water samples incubation. The water samples were chlorinated and irradiated with UV, generated with low-pressure UV lamp by Heraeus, Germany. Three UV doses were studied: 0 kJ/m2 (water only chlorinated), 23.5 kJ/m2, and 47 kJ/m2. The research results have been used to assess how UV influences the reactivity of the studied model compounds and their potential to form halogenated organic chlorination by-products.