Potential role of glutathione S‑transferase M1 gene polymorphism in kidney calcium oxalate stone formation

• Published in: International urology and nephrology Vol. 56; no. 3; pp. 887 - 892
• Main Authors: Tang, Kaifa, Xu, Shenghan, Chen, Pan, Cai, Ji, Huang, Tao, Liu, Miao, Li, Wei, Yu, Ying, Che, Bangwei, Zhang, Wenjun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-03-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine; Age composition; Calcium oxalate; Creatinine; Gender; Gene polymorphism; Genotype & phenotype; Glutathione transferase; GSTM1 gene; GSTM1 protein; Kidneys; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nephrology; Nitric oxide; Oxalic acid; Peripheral blood; Polymerase chain reaction; Polymorphism; Risk factors; Uric acid; Urology; Urology - Original Paper; Oxidative stress; Calcium oxalate; GSTM1; Glutathione S-transferase; Kidney stones
• ISSN: 1573-2584; 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03846-0

Background
The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of glutathione S-transferase M1 (
GSTM1
) gene polymorphism on the formation of kidney calcium oxalate stones.
Methods
A total of 159 patients with kidney calcium oxalate stones were included in this study as a case group. One hundred and three healthy individuals were included in the control group. The age, gender, and levels of calcium (Ca), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), and urinary creatinine (Ucr) are tracked. Peripheral blood samples are used to perform a polymerase chain reaction to identify the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism (PCR). A commercial kit was used in this study to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in peripheral blood.
Results
There was no difference in age or gender distribution between the case and control groups (
P
 > 0.05). The Cr, Ucr, Ca, UA, 8-OHdG, MDA, NO, and T-AOC in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (
P
 < 0.001). The Hardy–Weinberg genetic equilibrium test showed no difference between the case group (
P
 = 0.23) and the control group (
P
 = 0.09). In the case group, the 8-OHdG and NO in GSTM1 null genotype were significantly higher than those in GSTM1 genotype (
P
< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in MDA and T-AOC (
P
> 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the
GSTM1
null genotype was positively correlated with 8-OHdG (
P
 < 0.001) and NO (
P
 < 0.001).
Conclusions
GSTM1
gene polymorphism might be a detecting risk factor for kidney calcium oxalate stone formation.
Trial registration
ChiCTR2100051300.