Untrusted under threat: on the superior bond between trustworthiness and threat in face-context integration

• Published in: Cognition and emotion Vol. 36; no. 7; pp. 1273 - 1286
• Main Authors: Mattavelli, Simone, Masi, Matteo, Brambilla, Marco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Routledge 01-11-2022; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Attribution; congruency effect; context; Contextual information; Credibility; Emotions; Experiments; Face; Face perception; Facial Expression; Facial expressions; Humans; Personality; Positivity bias; threat; Threats; Trust; trustworthiness; context; trustworthiness; Face perception; congruency effect; threat
• ISSN: 0269-9931; 1464-0600
• DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2103100

The face is a powerful source to make inferences about one's trustworthiness. Recent studies demonstrated that facial trustworthiness is influenced by the level of threat conveyed by the visual scene in which faces are embedded: untrustworthy-looking faces are more likely judged as untrustworthy when shown in threatening scenes. Here, we explore whether this face-context congruency effect is specific to the negative pole of the threat-trust domain. Experiment 1 (N = 89) focused on the differential impact of positive vs. negative face-context congruency within the domains of threat and trust. Negative congruency (i.e. untrustworthy-looking faces in threatening contexts) led to more extreme attributions as opposed to positive congruency (i.e. trustworthy-looking faces in reassuring contexts). Experiment 2 (N = 120) replicated these findings by further showing their domain-specificity. The negativity bias was found in the threat-trust domain, but not when extroverted- vs. introverted-looking faces appeared in happy vs. sad context scenes. Experiment 3 (N = 154, pre-registered) replicated the pattern observed in Experiment 1 while controlling for the extent to which both threatening and reassuring context stimuli were related to the human action. We discussed the theoretical implications of these results for understanding how contextual information is integrated into the evaluation of facial trustworthiness.