Study of trace elements in urine of some Nigerian medical patients

• Published in: Toxicological and environmental chemistry Vol. 91; no. 3; pp. 435 - 449
• Main Authors: Ogunfowokan, A.O., Kaisam, J.P., Balogun, M.O.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis Group 01-04-2009
• Subjects: kidney; liver; patients; trace metals; urine; Nigeria
• ISSN: 0277-2248; 1029-0486
• DOI: 10.1080/02772240802233597

In this study, trace element concentrations were determined in urine samples of patients with kidney and liver conditions from the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife Nigeria. Urine samples from 80 patients whose ages ranged from 15 to 79 were used for the trace metals analysis. Variation of the trace metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in urine samples were correlated with respect to gender, age, professions, personal habits and patients' conditions. The levels of Pb in the urine samples of both male and female patients were found to be generally higher than those of Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Mn. Highest levels of Pb and Cd were found in patients who smoked and drank and those with various kidney and liver conditions. Most of the trace metals except Mn occurred at levels that are deleterious to human health as they are above the standard threshold values expected in normal human urine, and raised cause for concern.