High occurrence of red-listed bryophytes and lichens in mature managed forests in boreal Sweden
Successful biodiversity conservation needs to be based on reliable data regarding the distribution and abundance of species. Red Lists summarize the status of rare and declining species. Here we present the first detailed survey (10 m × 10 m resolution) of nationally red-listed bryophytes and lichen...
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Published in: | Basic and applied ecology Vol. 5; no. 2; pp. 123 - 129 |
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2004
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Abstract | Successful biodiversity conservation needs to be based on reliable data regarding the distribution and abundance of species. Red Lists summarize the status of rare and declining species. Here we present the first detailed survey (10 m × 10 m resolution) of nationally red-listed bryophytes and lichens at stand level in boreal forests. 30 managed forest production stands in boreal Sweden, soon to be harvested, were surveyed in detail regarding red-listed bryophytes and lichens. On the 180 ha totally investigated, 33 red-listed species were found, representing 35% of all forest red-listed bryophytes and lichens so far recorded from this part of Sweden. The mean number of red-listed species per stand was 10 and varied between 5 and 16. Excluding three species which were so common that, given the time-limit, it was not possible to record all of their occurrences, there were on average 6 number of observations ha
−1. The presence and density exceed those earlier found in ‘key habitats’, defined as hot-spots for red-listed species. Almost all observations were made on trees, with 48% on living trees and 52% on dead. Altitude, area and stem volume explained 67% of the red-list species density. The results highlight the importance of unprotected areas for rare and declining species and point to a hitherto unacknowledged high biodiversity value of mature managed boreal forest stands, shaped by a less intense forestry than today's. It also raises questions regarding the use of red-listed species to identify areas of importance to biodiversity. Objective and systematic surveys of red-listed species in the forest landscape, including younger stands, are urgent.
Der erfolgreiche Schutz der Biodiversität muss auf verlässlichen Daten über die Verbreitung und Abundanz der Arten basieren. Rote Listen fassen den Status seltener und abnehmender Arten zusammen. Hier präsentieren wir die erste detaillierte Erfassung (10 m × 10 m Auflösung) von Bryophyten und Flechten der nationalen Rote Liste auf Bestandsniveau in borealen Wäldern. Im borealen Schweden wurden in 30 bewirtschafteten Produktionswälder, die bald geerntet werden sollen, die Bryophyten und Flechten der Roten Liste im Detail erfasst. Auf den insgesamt untersuchten 180 ha wurden 33 Arten der Roten Liste gefunden, die 35% aller Wald-Bryophyten und-Flechten der Roten Liste repräsentieren, die bisher in diesem Teil Schwedens erfasst wurden. Die mittlere Anzahl der
Rote-Liste-Arten pro Bestand war 10 und variierte zwischen 5 und 16. Unter Ausschluss von drei Arten, die so gewöhnlich waren, dass es bei dem gegebenen Zeitlimit nicht möglich war alle ihre Vorkommen zu erfassen, gab es im Durchschnitt 6 Beobachtungen ha
−1. Vorkommen und Dichten übertrafen die früher in “Schlüsselhabitaten” gefundenen, die als ‘hot spots’ bezeichnet werden. Fast alle Beobachtungen wurden auf Bäumen gemacht, mit 48% auf lebenden und 52% auf toten Bäumen. Die Höhe, das Gebiet und das Stammvolumen erklärten 67% der Dichte der Rote-Liste-Arten. Die Ergebnisse heben die Wichtigkeit nicht-geschützter Gebiete für seltene und abnehmende Arten hervor und weisen auf einen bisher nicht wahrgenommenen hohen Biodiversitätswert von alten bewirtschafteten borealen Waldbeständen hin, die von einer weniger intensiven Forstwirtschaft als der heutigen geformt wurden. Es stellen sich ebenso Fragen, die die Verwendung der Rote-Liste-Arten betreffen, um für die Biodiversität wichtige Gebiete zu identifizieren. Objektive und systematische Erfassungen der Rote-Liste-Arten in Waldlandschaften inklusive der jüngeren Bestände sind dringend. |
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AbstractList | Successful biodiversity conservation needs to be based on reliable data regarding the distribution and abundance of species. Red Lists summarize the status of rare and declining species. Here we present the first detailed survey (10 m x 10 m resolution) of nationally red-listed bryophytes and lichens at stand level in boreal forests. 30 managed forest production stands in boreal Sweden, soon to be harvested, were surveyed in detail regarding red-listed bryophytes and lichens. On the 180 ha totally investigated, 33 red-listed species were found, representing 35% of all forest red-listed bryophytes and lichens so far recorded from this part of Sweden. The mean number of red-listed species per stand was 10 and varied between 5 and 16. Excluding three species which were so common that, given the time-limit, it was not possible to record all of their occurrences, there were on average 6 number of observations ha super(-1). The presence and density exceed those earlier found in `key habitats', defined as hot-spots for red-listed species. Almost all observations were made on trees, with 48% on living trees and 52% on dead. Altitude, area and stem volume explained 67% of the red-list species density. The results highlight the importance of unprotected areas for rare and declining species and point to a hitherto unacknowledged high biodiversity value of mature managed boreal forest stands, shaped by a less intense forestry than today's. It also raises questions regarding the use of red-listed species to identify areas of importance to biodiversity. Objective and systematic surveys of red-listed species in the forest landscape, including younger stands, are urgent. Successful biodiversity conservation needs to be based on reliable data regarding the distribution and abundance of species. Red Lists summarize the status of rare and declining species. Here we present the first detailed survey (10 m × 10 m resolution) of nationally red-listed bryophytes and lichens at stand level in boreal forests. 30 managed forest production stands in boreal Sweden, soon to be harvested, were surveyed in detail regarding red-listed bryophytes and lichens. On the 180 ha totally investigated, 33 red-listed species were found, representing 35% of all forest red-listed bryophytes and lichens so far recorded from this part of Sweden. The mean number of red-listed species per stand was 10 and varied between 5 and 16. Excluding three species which were so common that, given the time-limit, it was not possible to record all of their occurrences, there were on average 6 number of observations ha −1. The presence and density exceed those earlier found in ‘key habitats’, defined as hot-spots for red-listed species. Almost all observations were made on trees, with 48% on living trees and 52% on dead. Altitude, area and stem volume explained 67% of the red-list species density. The results highlight the importance of unprotected areas for rare and declining species and point to a hitherto unacknowledged high biodiversity value of mature managed boreal forest stands, shaped by a less intense forestry than today's. It also raises questions regarding the use of red-listed species to identify areas of importance to biodiversity. Objective and systematic surveys of red-listed species in the forest landscape, including younger stands, are urgent. Der erfolgreiche Schutz der Biodiversität muss auf verlässlichen Daten über die Verbreitung und Abundanz der Arten basieren. Rote Listen fassen den Status seltener und abnehmender Arten zusammen. Hier präsentieren wir die erste detaillierte Erfassung (10 m × 10 m Auflösung) von Bryophyten und Flechten der nationalen Rote Liste auf Bestandsniveau in borealen Wäldern. Im borealen Schweden wurden in 30 bewirtschafteten Produktionswälder, die bald geerntet werden sollen, die Bryophyten und Flechten der Roten Liste im Detail erfasst. Auf den insgesamt untersuchten 180 ha wurden 33 Arten der Roten Liste gefunden, die 35% aller Wald-Bryophyten und-Flechten der Roten Liste repräsentieren, die bisher in diesem Teil Schwedens erfasst wurden. Die mittlere Anzahl der Rote-Liste-Arten pro Bestand war 10 und variierte zwischen 5 und 16. Unter Ausschluss von drei Arten, die so gewöhnlich waren, dass es bei dem gegebenen Zeitlimit nicht möglich war alle ihre Vorkommen zu erfassen, gab es im Durchschnitt 6 Beobachtungen ha −1. Vorkommen und Dichten übertrafen die früher in “Schlüsselhabitaten” gefundenen, die als ‘hot spots’ bezeichnet werden. Fast alle Beobachtungen wurden auf Bäumen gemacht, mit 48% auf lebenden und 52% auf toten Bäumen. Die Höhe, das Gebiet und das Stammvolumen erklärten 67% der Dichte der Rote-Liste-Arten. Die Ergebnisse heben die Wichtigkeit nicht-geschützter Gebiete für seltene und abnehmende Arten hervor und weisen auf einen bisher nicht wahrgenommenen hohen Biodiversitätswert von alten bewirtschafteten borealen Waldbeständen hin, die von einer weniger intensiven Forstwirtschaft als der heutigen geformt wurden. Es stellen sich ebenso Fragen, die die Verwendung der Rote-Liste-Arten betreffen, um für die Biodiversität wichtige Gebiete zu identifizieren. Objektive und systematische Erfassungen der Rote-Liste-Arten in Waldlandschaften inklusive der jüngeren Bestände sind dringend. |
Author | Gustafsson, Lena Nordin, Ulrika Jonsson, Fredrik Appelgren, Leif Persson, Anette Anette Weslien, Jan-Olov |
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Title | High occurrence of red-listed bryophytes and lichens in mature managed forests in boreal Sweden |
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