Multi-source thermal model describing multi-region structure of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles and parameter dynamics of system evolution in relativistic collisions

• Published in: Indian journal of physics Vol. 98; no. 7; pp. 2493 - 2505
• Main Authors: Chen, J.-Y., Duan, M.-Y., Liu, F.-H., Olimov, K. K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-06-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Collisions; Evolution; Flow velocity; Original Paper; Parameter identification; Phenomenology; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Relativistic effects; Relativistic particles; Spectra; Strings; Thermal analysis; Transverse momentum; Transverse momentum spectra; Multi-source thermal model; Volume and temperature dynamics; Multi-region structure; System evolution
• ISSN: 0973-1458; 0974-9845
• DOI: 10.1007/s12648-023-03003-4

In this article, the multi-region structure of transverse momentum (
p
T
) spectra of identified particles produced in relativistic collisions is studied by the multi-component standard distribution (the Boltzmann, Fermi–Dirac, or Bose–Einstein distribution) in the framework of a multi-source thermal model. Results are interpreted in the framework of string model phenomenology in which the multi-region of
p
T
spectra corresponds to the string hadronization in the cascade process of string breaking. The contributions of the string hadronizations from the first-, second-, and third-, i.e., last-generations of string breakings mainly form high-, intermediate-, and low-
p
T
regions, respectively. From the high- to low-
p
T
regions, the extracted volume parameter increases rapidly, and temperature and flow velocity parameters decrease gradually. The multi-region of
p
T
spectra reflects the volume, temperature, and flow velocity dynamics of the system evolution. Due to the successful application of the multi-component standard distribution, this work reflects that the simple classical theory can still play a great role in the field of complex relativistic collisions.