Digital image correlation and numerical analysis of CFRP-poplar timber interface subjected to modified single shear test
This paper presents the results of a digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element (FEM) study of the interface between carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) and poplar timber. The interfacial behavior between CFRP and poplar timber is investigated. Specimens with different bond lengths were...
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| Published in: | Composite structures Vol. 320; p. 117188 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
15-09-2023
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| Abstract | This paper presents the results of a digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element (FEM) study of the interface between carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) and poplar timber. The interfacial behavior between CFRP and poplar timber is investigated. Specimens with different bond lengths were manufactured. The DIC was applied to capture the full strain field from two views of the specimens. The complementary use of DIC and FEM allowed us to obtain the strain field in the CFRP and lateral side of the poplar, capturing the detachment between the two materials. The results were compared in terms of shear strain, shear stress, slip distribution, and failure modes, derived experimentally and numerically. Once the FEM simulations were calibrated, a good agreement with the experimental results was found, proving the relevance of the presented FEM models in predicting the behavior of the interface between the two materials tested. The proposed test set-up revealed that the entire bond length is active from the onset until the debonding, regardless of the bond length. Although an identical failure mode was obtained for all bond lengths, the final strength of the interface was found to be dependent on the bond length. |
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| AbstractList | This paper presents the results of a digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element (FEM) study of the interface between carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) and poplar timber. The interfacial behavior between CFRP and poplar timber is investigated. Specimens with different bond lengths were manufactured. The DIC was applied to capture the full strain field from two views of the specimens. The complementary use of DIC and FEM allowed us to obtain the strain field in the CFRP and lateral side of the poplar, capturing the detachment between the two materials. The results were compared in terms of shear strain, shear stress, slip distribution, and failure modes, derived experimentally and numerically. Once the FEM simulations were calibrated, a good agreement with the experimental results was found, proving the relevance of the presented FEM models in predicting the behavior of the interface between the two materials tested. The proposed test set-up revealed that the entire bond length is active from the onset until the debonding, regardless of the bond length. Although an identical failure mode was obtained for all bond lengths, the final strength of the interface was found to be dependent on the bond length. |
| ArticleNumber | 117188 |
| Author | Timbolmas, Cristian Portela, María Villanueva, Paula Rescalvo, Francisco J. Bravo, Rafael |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Cristian orcidid: 0000-0003-0876-3646 surname: Timbolmas fullname: Timbolmas, Cristian organization: Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Rafael orcidid: 0000-0001-6213-9591 surname: Bravo fullname: Bravo, Rafael organization: Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Francisco J. surname: Rescalvo fullname: Rescalvo, Francisco J. email: rescalvo@ugr.es organization: Department of Building Construction, University of Granada, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: Paula orcidid: 0000-0002-8090-1794 surname: Villanueva fullname: Villanueva, Paula organization: Department of Structures and Building Physics, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: María surname: Portela fullname: Portela, María organization: University of Santiago de Campostela, PEMADE, Lugo, Spain |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.11.006 10.3390/ma13143134 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.04.007 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.022 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000418 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.097 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.033 10.3390/ma10101113 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.149 10.1177/0021998303034505 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:12(1467) 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107176 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2016.09.004 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113919 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.005 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.02.064 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.009 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.111 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000106 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.106 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124469 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00044-2 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.036 10.1680/stbu.2003.156.1.51 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.778.537 |
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| Keywords | Bond interface Finite element method (FEM) Poplar timber Digital image correlation technique (DIC) Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) |
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| References | Khelifa, Celzard, Oudjene, Ruelle (b0140) 2016; 68 Vahedian, Shrestha, Crews (b0115) 2018; 191 Mazzotti, Savoia, Ferracuti (b0055) 2008; 22 Wan, Sutton, Petrou, Harries, Li (b0085) 2004; 130 Timbolmas, Bravo, Rescalvo, Portela (b0100) 2021 Rescalvo, Timbolmas, Bravo, Valverde-Palacios, Gallego (b0040) 2021; 304 Camanho, Davila, de Moura (b0120) 2003; 37 Yuan, Teng, Seracino, Wu, Yao (b0065) 2004; 26 Berardi, Feo, Mancusi, De Piano (b0130) 2018; 200 Borri, Corradi, Speranzini (b0035) 2013; 778 Biscaia, Chastre, Cruz, Viegas (b0045) 2017; 108 Wan, Smith, Qiao, Chen (b0075) 2014; 18 Vahedian, Shrestha, Crews (b0060) 2017; 151 Biscaia, Cruz, Chastre (b0110) 2016; 113 Li, Tsai, Wei, Wang (b0015) 2014; 62 Rescalvo, Timbolmas, Bravo, Gallego (b0105) 2020; 13 Wang, Li, Sui, Xian (b0135) 2021; 158 Smith (b0145) 2009; 6 Park, Choi, Paulino (b0125) 2016; 78 Teng, Chen, Smith, Lam (b0020) 2003; 156 Cortez Flores, Fernández Gómez, Villanueva Llauradó, Ferreira, Parente (b0070) 2021; 267 Rescalvo, Valverde-Palacios, Suarez, Gallego (b0005) 2017; 10 Radford, Van Goethem, Gutkowski, Peterson (b0010) 2002; 16 Nowak, Jasieńko, Czepiżak (b0030) 2013; 40 Hosseini, Mostofinejad (b0080) 2014; 48 Czaderski, Soudki, Motavalli (b0090) 2010; 14 Timbolmas, Bravo, Rescalvo, Gallego (b0095) 2022; 45 Lei, Liu, Zhao, Zhang, Bai (b0050) 2022; 46 D’Ambrisi, Focacci, Luciano (b0025) 2014; 108 Radford (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0010) 2002; 16 Vahedian (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0060) 2017; 151 Nowak (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0030) 2013; 40 Camanho (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0120) 2003; 37 Park (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0125) 2016; 78 Khelifa (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0140) 2016; 68 Cortez Flores (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0070) 2021; 267 Rescalvo (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0005) 2017; 10 Li (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0015) 2014; 62 Teng (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0020) 2003; 156 Berardi (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0130) 2018; 200 Yuan (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0065) 2004; 26 Vahedian (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0115) 2018; 191 Wang (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0135) 2021; 158 Rescalvo (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0040) 2021; 304 Hosseini (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0080) 2014; 48 Rescalvo (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0105) 2020; 13 Wan (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0085) 2004; 130 Czaderski (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0090) 2010; 14 Mazzotti (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0055) 2008; 22 Biscaia (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0110) 2016; 113 Smith (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0145) 2009; 6 Biscaia (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0045) 2017; 108 Timbolmas (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0095) 2022; 45 Timbolmas (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0100) 2021 D’Ambrisi (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0025) 2014; 108 Wan (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0075) 2014; 18 Borri (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0035) 2013; 778 Lei (10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0050) 2022; 46 |
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behavior of composite glulam beams in tension and compression publication-title: J Build Eng contributor: fullname: Timbolmas – volume: 46 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0050 article-title: Experimental and analytical analyses of the bonding performance of CFRP–wood interface publication-title: J Build Eng contributor: fullname: Lei – volume: 48 start-page: 150 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0080 article-title: Effective bond length of FRP-to-concrete adhesively-bonded joints: Experimental evaluation of existing models publication-title: Int J Adhes Adhes doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.022 contributor: fullname: Hosseini – volume: 18 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0075 article-title: Experimental Investigation on FRP-to-Timber Bonded Interfaces publication-title: J Compos Constr doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000418 contributor: fullname: Wan – volume: 108 start-page: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0045 article-title: Prediction of the interfacial performance of CFRP laminates and old timber bonded joints with different strengthening techniques publication-title: Compos Part B Eng doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.097 contributor: fullname: Biscaia – volume: 113 start-page: 96 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0110 article-title: Analysis of the debonding process of CFRP-to-timber interfaces publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.033 contributor: fullname: Biscaia – volume: 10 start-page: 1113 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0005 article-title: Experimental Comparison of Different Carbon Fiber Composites in Reinforcement Layouts for Wooden Beams of Historical Buildings publication-title: Materials (Basel) doi: 10.3390/ma10101113 contributor: fullname: Rescalvo – volume: 151 start-page: 742 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0060 article-title: Effective bond length and bond behaviour of FRP externally bonded to timber publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.149 contributor: fullname: Vahedian – volume: 37 start-page: 1415 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0120 article-title: Numerical Simulation of Mixed-Mode Progressive Delamination in Composite Materials publication-title: J Compos Mater doi: 10.1177/0021998303034505 contributor: fullname: Camanho – volume: 130 start-page: 1467 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0085 article-title: Investigation of Bond between Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Concrete Undergoing Global Mixed Mode I/II Loading publication-title: J Eng Mech doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:12(1467) contributor: fullname: Wan – volume: 158 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0135 article-title: Effects of adhesive property and thickness on the bond performance between carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate and steel publication-title: Thin-Walled Struct doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107176 contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 78 start-page: 71 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0125 article-title: Assessment of cohesive traction-separation relationships in ABAQUS: A comparative study publication-title: Mech Res Commun doi: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2016.09.004 contributor: fullname: Park – volume: 267 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0070 article-title: Evaluation through a finite element simulation of the performance of FRP anchors for externally bonded reinforcements publication-title: Compos Struct doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113919 contributor: fullname: Cortez Flores – volume: 108 start-page: 720 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0025 article-title: Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of timber beams repaired with CFRP plates publication-title: Compos Struct doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.005 contributor: fullname: D’Ambrisi – volume: 191 start-page: 239 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0115 article-title: Analysis of externally bonded Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers sheet to timber interface publication-title: Compos Struct doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.02.064 contributor: fullname: Vahedian – volume: 22 start-page: 1409 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0055 article-title: An experimental study on delamination of FRP plates bonded to concrete publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.009 contributor: fullname: Mazzotti – volume: 200 start-page: 532 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0130 article-title: Influence of reinforcement viscous properties on reliability of existing structures strengthened with externally bonded composites publication-title: Compos Struct doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.111 contributor: fullname: Berardi – volume: 14 start-page: 451 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0090 article-title: Front and Side View Image Correlation Measurements on FRP to Concrete Pull-Off Bond Tests publication-title: J Compos Constr doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000106 contributor: fullname: Czaderski – volume: 6 start-page: 9 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0145 article-title: ABAQUS/Standard User’s Manual publication-title: Version contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 40 start-page: 197 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0030 article-title: Experimental tests and numerical analysis of historic bent timber elements reinforced with CFRP strips publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.106 contributor: fullname: Nowak – volume: 304 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0040 article-title: Improving ductility and bending features of poplar glued laminated beams by means of embedded carbon material publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124469 contributor: fullname: Rescalvo – volume: 16 start-page: 417 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0010 article-title: Composite repair of timber structures publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00044-2 contributor: fullname: Radford – volume: 62 start-page: 118 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0015 article-title: A study on wood beams strengthened by FRP composite materials publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.036 contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 156 start-page: 51 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0020 article-title: Behaviour and strength of FRP-strengthened RC structures: a state-of-the-art review publication-title: Proc Inst Civ Eng - Struct Build doi: 10.1680/stbu.2003.156.1.51 contributor: fullname: Teng – volume: 778 start-page: 537 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188_b0035 article-title: Bending Tests on Natural Fiber Reinforced Fir Wooden Elements publication-title: Adv Mater Res doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.778.537 contributor: fullname: Borri |
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| Snippet | This paper presents the results of a digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element (FEM) study of the interface between carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers... |
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| StartPage | 117188 |
| SubjectTerms | Bond interface Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) Digital image correlation technique (DIC) Finite element method (FEM) Poplar timber |
| Title | Digital image correlation and numerical analysis of CFRP-poplar timber interface subjected to modified single shear test |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117188 |
| Volume | 320 |
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