Biomass-derived hard carbon microtubes with tunable apertures for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium. However, due to the bigger radius, it is still a great challenge to develop anode materials with suitable space for the intercalation of sodium...

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Published in:	Nano research Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 4874 - 4879
Main Authors:	Song, Pin, Wei, Shiqiang, Di, Jun, Du, Jun, Xu, Wenjie, Liu, Daobin, Wang, Changda, Qiao, Sicong, Cao, Yuyang, Cui, Qilong, Zhang, Pengjun, Ma, Liaobo, Cui, Jiewu, Wang, Yan, Xiong, Yujie
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Beijing Tsinghua University Press 01-04-2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Anodes Apertures Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra Batteries Biomedicine Biotechnology Carbon Carbonization Chemistry and Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Diffusion barriers Electrode materials Energy storage High temperature Ion channels Materials Science Nanotechnology Research Article Sodium Sodium-ion batteries Wall thickness sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) reversible capacity long cycle life hard carbon kapok fibers
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Abstract	Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium. However, due to the bigger radius, it is still a great challenge to develop anode materials with suitable space for the intercalation of sodium ions. Herein, we present hard carbon microtubes (HCTs) with tunable apertures derived from low-cost natural kapok fibers via a carbonization process for SIBs. The resulted HCTs feature with smaller surface area and shorter Na + diffusion path benefitting from their unique micro-nano structure. Most importantly, the wall thickness of HCTs could be regulated and controlled by the carbonization temperature. At a high temperature of 1,600 °C, the carbonized HCTs possess the smallest wall thickness, which reduces the diffusion barrier of Na + and enhances the reversibility Na + storage. As a result, the 1600HCTs deliver a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%, good cycling stability (89.4% of capacity retention over 100 cycles at 100 mA·g −1 ), and excellent rate capacity. This work not only charts a new path for preparing hard carbon materials with adequate ion channels and novel tubular micro-nano structures but also unravels the mechanism of hard carbon materials for sodium storage.
AbstractList	Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium. However, due to the bigger radius, it is still a great challenge to develop anode materials with suitable space for the intercalation of sodium ions. Herein, we present hard carbon microtubes (HCTs) with tunable apertures derived from low-cost natural kapok fibers via a carbonization process for SIBs. The resulted HCTs feature with smaller surface area and shorter Na + diffusion path benefitting from their unique micro-nano structure. Most importantly, the wall thickness of HCTs could be regulated and controlled by the carbonization temperature. At a high temperature of 1,600 °C, the carbonized HCTs possess the smallest wall thickness, which reduces the diffusion barrier of Na + and enhances the reversibility Na + storage. As a result, the 1600HCTs deliver a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%, good cycling stability (89.4% of capacity retention over 100 cycles at 100 mA·g −1 ), and excellent rate capacity. This work not only charts a new path for preparing hard carbon materials with adequate ion channels and novel tubular micro-nano structures but also unravels the mechanism of hard carbon materials for sodium storage. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium. However, due to the bigger radius, it is still a great challenge to develop anode materials with suitable space for the intercalation of sodium ions. Herein, we present hard carbon microtubes (HCTs) with tunable apertures derived from low-cost natural kapok fibers via a carbonization process for SIBs. The resulted HCTs feature with smaller surface area and shorter Na+ diffusion path benefitting from their unique micro-nano structure. Most importantly, the wall thickness of HCTs could be regulated and controlled by the carbonization temperature. At a high temperature of 1,600 °C, the carbonized HCTs possess the smallest wall thickness, which reduces the diffusion barrier of Na+ and enhances the reversibility Na+ storage. As a result, the 1600HCTs deliver a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%, good cycling stability (89.4% of capacity retention over 100 cycles at 100 mA·g−1), and excellent rate capacity. This work not only charts a new path for preparing hard carbon materials with adequate ion channels and novel tubular micro-nano structures but also unravels the mechanism of hard carbon materials for sodium storage.
Author	Qiao, Sicong Wei, Shiqiang Ma, Liaobo Xu, Wenjie Wang, Changda Wang, Yan Song, Pin Zhang, Pengjun Du, Jun Cui, Qilong Cui, Jiewu Di, Jun Liu, Daobin Cao, Yuyang Xiong, Yujie
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Pin surname: Song fullname: Song, Pin email: songpin@ahnu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Shiqiang surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Shiqiang organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Jun surname: Di fullname: Di, Jun organization: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Jun surname: Du fullname: Du, Jun organization: Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University – sequence: 5 givenname: Wenjie surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wenjie organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 6 givenname: Daobin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Daobin organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 7 givenname: Changda surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Changda organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 8 givenname: Sicong surname: Qiao fullname: Qiao, Sicong organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 9 givenname: Yuyang surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Yuyang organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 10 givenname: Qilong surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Qilong organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 11 givenname: Pengjun surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Pengjun organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 12 givenname: Liaobo surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Liaobo organization: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology – sequence: 13 givenname: Jiewu surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Jiewu organization: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology – sequence: 14 givenname: Yan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yan organization: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology – sequence: 15 givenname: Yujie surname: Xiong fullname: Xiong, Yujie email: yjxiong@ustc.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China
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Keywords	sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) reversible capacity long cycle life hard carbon kapok fibers
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Snippet	Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium....
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SubjectTerms	Anodes Apertures Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra Batteries Biomedicine Biotechnology Carbon Carbonization Chemistry and Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Diffusion barriers Electrode materials Energy storage High temperature Ion channels Materials Science Nanotechnology Research Article Sodium Sodium-ion batteries Wall thickness
Title	Biomass-derived hard carbon microtubes with tunable apertures for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
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