On the Importance of Including Cohesive Zone Models in Modelling Mixed-Mode Aneurysm Rupture

• Published in: Cardiovascular engineering and technology Vol. 15; no. 5; pp. 633 - 646
• Main Authors: Concannon, J., Máirtín, E. Ó., FitzGibbon, B., Hynes, N., Sultan, S., McGarry, J. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aneurysms; Aorta; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology; Biomedicine; Cardiology; Cohesion; Computed tomography; Delamination; Interlayers; Kinking; Original; Original Article; Aneurysm rupture; Finite element analysis; Cohesive zone model; Patient-specific; Delamination
• ISSN: 1869-408X; 1869-4098; 1869-4098
• DOI: 10.1007/s13239-024-00740-3

Introduction
The precise mechanism of rupture in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has not yet been uncovered. The phenomenological failure criterion of the coefficient of proportionality between von Mises stress and tissue strength does not account for any mechanistic foundation of tissue fracture. Experimental studies have shown that arterial failure is a stepwise process of fibrous delamination (mode II) and kinking (mode I) between layers. Such a mechanism has not previously been considered for AAA rupture.
Methods
In the current study we consider both von Mises stress in the wall, in addition to interlayer tractions and delamination using cohesive zone models. Firstly, we present a parametric investigation of the influence of a range of AAA anatomical features on the likelihood of elevated interlayer traction and delamination.
Results
We observe in several cases that the location of peak von Mises stress and tangential traction coincide. Our simulations also reveal however, that peak von Mises and intramural tractions are not coincident for aneurysms with Length/Radius less than 2 (short high-curvature aneurysms) and for aneurysms with symmetric intraluminal thrombus (ILT). For an aneurysm with (L/R = 2.0), the peak
σ
vm
moves slightly towards the origin while the peak
T
t
is near the peak bulge with a separation distance of ~ 17 mm. Additionally, we present three patient-specific AAA models derived directly from CT scans, which also illustrate that the location of von Mises stress does not correlate with the point of interlayer delamination.
Conclusion
This study suggests that incorporating cohesive zone models into clinical based FE analyses may capture a greater proportion of ruptures in-silico.