Sensitization to Food and Aero-Allergens in Children with Coeliac Disease Assessed with the Use of a Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Technique

• Published in: Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 2992
• Main Authors: Knyziak-Mędrzycka, Izabela, Cukrowska, Bożena, Nazar, Wojciech, Bierła, Joanna Beata, Janeczek, Kamil, Krawiec, Paulina, Gromek, Weronika, Wysokiński, Mariusz, Konopka, Ewa, Trojanowska, Ilona, Smolińska, Sylwia, Majsiak, Emilia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19-05-2024
• Subjects: Abdomen; Allergens; Allergies; Analysis; Autoimmune diseases; Biopsy; Celiac disease; Consent; Constipation; Diagnosis; Enzymes; Families & family life; Food; Gastroenterology; Gluten; Hepatology; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulins; Insect bites; Pathophysiology; Patients; Physiological aspects; Statistical analysis; Poland; Warsaw Poland; Austria; Germany; Vienna Austria; specific immunoglobulin E; molecular allergy diagnosis; coeliac disease; allergy; multiplex testing; sensitization
• ISSN: 2077-0383; 2077-0383
• DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102992

. Coeliac disease (CD) often co-occurs with autoimmune conditions or genetic syndromes, but there are few studies on the co-existence of CD and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. The purpose of this study was to assess sensitization to food and aero-allergens in pediatric patients with CD.
. A multiplex ALEX
2 test was used to determine specific IgEs (sIgEs).
. The study included 108 children newly diagnosed with CD. Allergen extract- and/or allergen molecule-sIgEs were detected in 49.1% of children. Most children (41.5%) were sensitized to both inhalant and food allergens. The three most common aero-allergens (timothy pollen, ryegrass, silver birch) were molecules Phl p 1, Lol p 1, and Bet v 1. The most common food allergens (hazelnut, apple, and peanut) were Cor a 1, Mal d 1, and Ara h 8 molecules of the PR-10 subfamily. Patients were not sensitized to cereal allergens containing gluten. Spearman's rank correlation analysis of sensitized patients showed a significant positive relationship (
= 0.31) between the patients' age and the occurrence of positive sIgEs (≥0.3 kU
/L) for inhalant allergen molecules (
= 0.045). In sensitized patients, mainly symptoms of inhalant allergy were observed, such as hay fever, conjunctivitis, and bronchial asthma.
. The current study indicates the co-occurrence of IgE sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in children with CD. The study highlights the need to take a closer look at the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy in patients with CD, which may help in their care and lead to a better understanding of the relationship between CD and IgE-mediated allergy.