Brightness enhancement of a direct-current-driven electroluminescent device prepared with zinc-sulfide powder
In this paper, we report an improved luminous efficiency of a direct-current-driven electroluminescent (EL) device using ZnS powder by controlling electron and hole injection barriers. The emission layer was fabricated by screen-printing of an EL paste using Cu-coated ZnS particles on a transparent...
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| Published in: | Journal of luminescence Vol. 220; p. 117015 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01-04-2020
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| Abstract | In this paper, we report an improved luminous efficiency of a direct-current-driven electroluminescent (EL) device using ZnS powder by controlling electron and hole injection barriers. The emission layer was fabricated by screen-printing of an EL paste using Cu-coated ZnS particles on a transparent conductive indium–tin-oxide electrode. The device was completed by stacking an Al thin film on the emission layer by thermal evaporation. We applied various forming voltages to investigate the current–voltage–luminescence characteristics of the device. An abrupt change in current during the forming process was caused by variation of the electron-blocking barrier toward the anode. The hole-injection barrier from the anode to the emission layer increased with the forming voltage. The obtained results indicated that the hole-injection barrier to the emission layer can be lowered by inserting materials with a low highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) energy level between the anode and emission layer. We achieved a brightness enhancement of 29% by employing a thin film of poly-N-vinyl carbazole with a HOMO level of −5.6 eV as a hole-injection layer on the anode. We believe that the presented results will guide further studies for efficiency improvement of EL devices using powder particles applicable to next-generation lighting and displays.
•The electron blocking layer induces abnormal current drop during forming process.•Stoichiometry changes the band structure of Cu-coated ZnS powder-based EL devices.•Tunneling of holes through the hole injection layer improves luminous efficiency. |
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| AbstractList | In this paper, we report an improved luminous efficiency of a direct-current-driven electroluminescent (EL) device using ZnS powder by controlling electron and hole injection barriers. The emission layer was fabricated by screen-printing of an EL paste using Cu-coated ZnS particles on a transparent conductive indium–tin-oxide electrode. The device was completed by stacking an Al thin film on the emission layer by thermal evaporation. We applied various forming voltages to investigate the current–voltage–luminescence characteristics of the device. An abrupt change in current during the forming process was caused by variation of the electron-blocking barrier toward the anode. The hole-injection barrier from the anode to the emission layer increased with the forming voltage. The obtained results indicated that the hole-injection barrier to the emission layer can be lowered by inserting materials with a low highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) energy level between the anode and emission layer. We achieved a brightness enhancement of 29% by employing a thin film of poly-N-vinyl carbazole with a HOMO level of −5.6 eV as a hole-injection layer on the anode. We believe that the presented results will guide further studies for efficiency improvement of EL devices using powder particles applicable to next-generation lighting and displays.
•The electron blocking layer induces abnormal current drop during forming process.•Stoichiometry changes the band structure of Cu-coated ZnS powder-based EL devices.•Tunneling of holes through the hole injection layer improves luminous efficiency. |
| ArticleNumber | 117015 |
| Author | Lee, Seong Eui Cho, Hui-Sup Choi, Byeongdae Lee, Wonhee Lyu, Hong-Kun |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wonhee surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Wonhee organization: Department of Advanced Material, Korea Polytechnic University, Si-heung, 15073, South Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Hong-Kun surname: Lyu fullname: Lyu, Hong-Kun organization: Division of Electronics and Information System, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Hui-Sup surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Hui-Sup organization: Division of Electronics and Information System, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Seong Eui surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Seong Eui email: selee@kpu.ac.kr organization: Department of Advanced Material, Korea Polytechnic University, Si-heung, 15073, South Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Byeongdae surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Byeongdae email: bdchoi1@dgist.ac.kr organization: Division of Electronics and Information System, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1364/OME.4.001824 10.1149/1.2425233 10.1021/am9002588 10.1002/adma.201504031 10.1002/adma.201602083 10.1002/adma.200803440 10.1002/adma.201405486 10.1021/acsami.6b14535 10.1364/OME.5.002156 10.1007/BF02868665 10.1002/adfm.201001110 10.1002/admt.201700040 10.1889/1.1831878 10.1038/nature08003 10.1149/1.2425863 10.1021/nn2018649 10.1063/1.349085 10.1364/OME.6.002879 10.1063/1.3196430 10.1063/1.1639935 10.1016/0022-2313(79)90228-X 10.1126/science.aac5082 10.1006/jssc.1995.1070 10.1039/c3tc30767k 10.1088/0022-3727/20/1/017 10.1021/ja805655b 10.1063/1.2221912 10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.11.057 10.1889/1.3069537 10.1038/nmat3755 |
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| Keywords | Electroluminescence Direct current Energy barrier ZnS powder Hole injection layer |
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| SubjectTerms | Direct current Electroluminescence Energy barrier Hole injection layer ZnS powder |
| Title | Brightness enhancement of a direct-current-driven electroluminescent device prepared with zinc-sulfide powder |
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