Treatability of hazardous substances in industrial wastewater: case studies for textile manufacturing and leather production sectors

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 194; no. 5; p. 383
• Main Authors: Gursoy-Haksevenler, B. Hande, Atasoy-Aytis, Elif, Dilaver, Mehmet, Karaaslan, Yakup
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-05-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biological activity; Biological treatment; Chromium; Copper; Dichloromethane; Dioxins; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Effluents; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental quality; Environmental science; Hazardous materials; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous wastes; Humans; Industrial areas; Industrial Waste - analysis; Industrial wastes; Industrial wastewater; Industrial wastewater treatment; Industry; Lead; Leather; Manufacturing; Metals; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Pollutants; Quality standards; Receiving waters; Removal; Silicon; Silver; Surface water; Surface water quality; Textiles; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Waste Water; Wastewater treatment; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water quality; Water treatment; Turkey; Hazardous substances; Conventional treatment processes; Textile manufacturing; Treatment efficiency; Leather production
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09982-x

Hazardous substances used and produced by different industrial activities pose a potential risk to the environment and to human health. Different physicochemical and/or biological processes are used in industrial wastewater treatment; these methods, however, may not be effective in removing these substances. This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate the removal of hazardous substances through conventional wastewater treatment processes that are used by major industries in Turkey. A four-season monitoring study was carried out in textile manufacturing and leather production sectors, representing industrial activities in Turkey. Samples were analyzed for 45 priority substances defined by the European Union and 250 specific pollutants listed in the Turkish Regulation on Surface Water Quality. For both wastewaters, where biological treatment was performed after pretreatment, their characteristics showed that organics were almost completely removed. except for dichloromethane (44–51% removals) and dioxin and dioxin-like compounds (64–69% removals). Additionally, different removal ratios (16–97%) were obtained for metals; the poorer removal was observed for B, Ba, Ag, Sb, and Si. The remaining metals (Cu, Pb, Sb, V, Si for textile; Cr, Cu, Sb, Si for leather effluents) in the treated wastewaters were still higher than environmental quality standards (EQS) of receiving water bodies. The study revealed that existing treatment processes were not adequate for efficient hazardous substance removal and there is an urgent need to improve them. Finally, advanced treatment technologies were suggested for specific pollutants together with their unit treatment costs.