Performance of Softcup® menstrual cup and vulvovaginal swab samples for detection and quantification of genital cytokines
Cytokines are important mediators of immunity in the female genital tract, and their levels may be associated with various reproductive health outcomes. However, the measurement of cytokines and chemokines in vaginal fluid samples may be influenced by a variety of factors, each with the potential to...
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| Published in: | Journal of immunological methods Vol. 528; p. 113656 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01-05-2024
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| Abstract | Cytokines are important mediators of immunity in the female genital tract, and their levels may be associated with various reproductive health outcomes. However, the measurement of cytokines and chemokines in vaginal fluid samples may be influenced by a variety of factors, each with the potential to affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay, including the interpretation and comparison of data. We measured and compared cytokine milieu in samples collected via Softcup® menstrual cup versus vulvovaginal swabs. One hundred and eighty vulvovaginal swabs from CAPRISA 088 and 42 Softcup supernatants from CAPRISA 016 cohorts of pregnant women were used to measure the concentrations of 28 cytokines through multiplexing. Cytokines measured in this study were detectable in each of the methods however, SoftCup supernatants showed consistently, higher detectability, expression ratios, and mean concentration of cytokines than vulvovaginal swabs. While mean concentrations differed, the majority of cytokines correlated between SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swabs. Additionally, there were no significant differences in a number of participants between the two sampling methods for the classification of genital inflammation. Our findings suggest that SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swab samples are suitable for the collection of genital specimens to study biological markers of genital inflammatory response. However, the Softcup menstrual cup performs better for the detection and quantification of soluble biomarkers that are found in low concentrations in cervicovaginal fluid. |
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| AbstractList | Cytokines are important mediators of immunity in the female genital tract, and their levels may be associated with various reproductive health outcomes. However, the measurement of cytokines and chemokines in vaginal fluid samples may be influenced by a variety of factors, each with the potential to affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay, including the interpretation and comparison of data. We measured and compared cytokine milieu in samples collected via Softcup® menstrual cup versus vulvovaginal swabs. One hundred and eighty vulvovaginal swabs from CAPRISA 088 and 42 Softcup supernatants from CAPRISA 016 cohorts of pregnant women were used to measure the concentrations of 28 cytokines through multiplexing. Cytokines measured in this study were detectable in each of the methods however, SoftCup supernatants showed consistently, higher detectability, expression ratios, and mean concentration of cytokines than vulvovaginal swabs. While mean concentrations differed, the majority of cytokines correlated between SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swabs. Additionally, there were no significant differences in a number of participants between the two sampling methods for the classification of genital inflammation. Our findings suggest that SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swab samples are suitable for the collection of genital specimens to study biological markers of genital inflammatory response. However, the Softcup menstrual cup performs better for the detection and quantification of soluble biomarkers that are found in low concentrations in cervicovaginal fluid.Cytokines are important mediators of immunity in the female genital tract, and their levels may be associated with various reproductive health outcomes. However, the measurement of cytokines and chemokines in vaginal fluid samples may be influenced by a variety of factors, each with the potential to affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay, including the interpretation and comparison of data. We measured and compared cytokine milieu in samples collected via Softcup® menstrual cup versus vulvovaginal swabs. One hundred and eighty vulvovaginal swabs from CAPRISA 088 and 42 Softcup supernatants from CAPRISA 016 cohorts of pregnant women were used to measure the concentrations of 28 cytokines through multiplexing. Cytokines measured in this study were detectable in each of the methods however, SoftCup supernatants showed consistently, higher detectability, expression ratios, and mean concentration of cytokines than vulvovaginal swabs. While mean concentrations differed, the majority of cytokines correlated between SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swabs. Additionally, there were no significant differences in a number of participants between the two sampling methods for the classification of genital inflammation. Our findings suggest that SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swab samples are suitable for the collection of genital specimens to study biological markers of genital inflammatory response. However, the Softcup menstrual cup performs better for the detection and quantification of soluble biomarkers that are found in low concentrations in cervicovaginal fluid. Cytokines are important mediators of immunity in the female genital tract, and their levels may be associated with various reproductive health outcomes. However, the measurement of cytokines and chemokines in vaginal fluid samples may be influenced by a variety of factors, each with the potential to affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay, including the interpretation and comparison of data. We measured and compared cytokine milieu in samples collected via Softcup® menstrual cup versus vulvovaginal swabs. One hundred and eighty vulvovaginal swabs from CAPRISA 088 and 42 Softcup supernatants from CAPRISA 016 cohorts of pregnant women were used to measure the concentrations of 28 cytokines through multiplexing. Cytokines measured in this study were detectable in each of the methods however, SoftCup supernatants showed consistently, higher detectability, expression ratios, and mean concentration of cytokines than vulvovaginal swabs. While mean concentrations differed, the majority of cytokines correlated between SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swabs. Additionally, there were no significant differences in a number of participants between the two sampling methods for the classification of genital inflammation. Our findings suggest that SoftCup supernatants and vulvovaginal swab samples are suitable for the collection of genital specimens to study biological markers of genital inflammatory response. However, the Softcup menstrual cup performs better for the detection and quantification of soluble biomarkers that are found in low concentrations in cervicovaginal fluid. |
| ArticleNumber | 113656 |
| Author | Moodley, Dhayendre Govender, Vani Ngcapu, Sinaye Magini, Stanley Nzuzo Letsoalo, Marothi Baxter, Cheryl Samsunder, Natasha Naidoo, Megeshinee Kama, Asavela Olona Archary, Derseree Singh, Nikkishia Mtshali, Andile Pillay, Nashlin Mzobe, Gugulethu Favourate |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nashlin surname: Pillay fullname: Pillay, Nashlin organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Gugulethu Favourate surname: Mzobe fullname: Mzobe, Gugulethu Favourate organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: Marothi surname: Letsoalo fullname: Letsoalo, Marothi organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 4 givenname: Asavela Olona surname: Kama fullname: Kama, Asavela Olona organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 5 givenname: Andile surname: Mtshali fullname: Mtshali, Andile organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 6 givenname: Stanley Nzuzo surname: Magini fullname: Magini, Stanley Nzuzo organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 7 givenname: Nikkishia surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Nikkishia organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 8 givenname: Vani surname: Govender fullname: Govender, Vani organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 9 givenname: Natasha surname: Samsunder fullname: Samsunder, Natasha organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 10 givenname: Megeshinee surname: Naidoo fullname: Naidoo, Megeshinee organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 11 givenname: Dhayendre surname: Moodley fullname: Moodley, Dhayendre organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 12 givenname: Cheryl surname: Baxter fullname: Baxter, Cheryl organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 13 givenname: Derseree surname: Archary fullname: Archary, Derseree organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa – sequence: 14 givenname: Sinaye surname: Ngcapu fullname: Ngcapu, Sinaye email: sinaye.ngcapu@caprisa.org organization: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38447801$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Cytokines Detection Softcup® menstrual cup Genital inflammation Vulvovaginal swab |
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| References | McKinnon (bb0100) 2014; 9 Moodley (bb0120) 2023; 10 Jespers (bb0055) 2017; 7 Belec (bb0015) 1995; 2 Dezzutti (bb0035) 2011; 6 Son (bb0160) 2016; 75 Jaumdally (bb0050) 2018; 8 Boskey (bb0020) 2003; 30 Mtshali (bb0125) 2021; 12 Keller, Herold (bb0065) 2009 Zhou (bb0165) 2021; 12 Rohan (bb0150) 2000; 7 Fichorova (bb0045) 2008; 80 Ntuli (bb0135) 2022; 12 Masson (bb0080) 2015 Masson (bb0095) 2019; 95 Marks (bb0075) 2012; 382 Mitchell (bb0110) 2011; 49 Fahey (bb0040) 2005; 20 Masson (bb0090) 2016; 92 Cummins, Doncel (bb0025) 2009 Park (bb0140) 2020; 63 Delany (bb0030) 2008; 49 Liebenberg (bb0070) 2014; 30 Archary (bb0010) 2015; 10 Masson (bb0085) 2015; 61 Ngcapu (bb0130) 2015; 110 Amabebe (bb0005) 2018; 126 Snowhite (bb0155) 2002; 263 John (bb0060) 2001; 183 McKinnon (bb0105) 2018; 24 Mngomezulu (bb0115) 2021; 12 Quesnel (bb0145) 1997; 202 Son (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0160) 2016; 75 Quesnel (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0145) 1997; 202 Masson (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0095) 2019; 95 Ngcapu (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0130) 2015; 110 Jespers (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0055) 2017; 7 Keller (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0065) 2009 Masson (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0080) 2015 Belec (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0015) 1995; 2 Dezzutti (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0035) 2011; 6 John (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0060) 2001; 183 Fahey (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0040) 2005; 20 Masson (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0090) 2016; 92 McKinnon (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0100) 2014; 9 Boskey (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0020) 2003; 30 Jaumdally (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0050) 2018; 8 Ntuli (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0135) 2022; 12 Delany (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0030) 2008; 49 Marks (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0075) 2012; 382 Mtshali (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0125) 2021; 12 Masson (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0085) 2015; 61 Zhou (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0165) 2021; 12 Park (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0140) 2020; 63 Rohan (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0150) 2000; 7 Amabebe (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0005) 2018; 126 Fichorova (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0045) 2008; 80 Cummins (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0025) 2009 Snowhite (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0155) 2002; 263 Mitchell (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0110) 2011; 49 Mngomezulu (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0115) 2021; 12 Archary (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0010) 2015; 10 Moodley (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0120) 2023; 10 Liebenberg (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0070) 2014; 30 McKinnon (10.1016/j.jim.2024.113656_bb0105) 2018; 24 |
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