Improved TDD operation on Software-Defined Radio platforms towards future wireless standards

• Published in: Computer communications Vol. 209; pp. 178 - 187
• Main Authors: Havinga, Thijs, Jiao, Xianjun, Aslam, Muhammad, Liu, Wei, Moerman, Ingrid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01-09-2023
• Subjects: Self-interference; Software-Defined Radio; System-on-chip; TDD; Turnaround time; Self-interference; System-on-chip; Turnaround time; TDD; Software-Defined Radio
• ISSN: 0140-3664; 1873-703X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.comcom.2023.06.026

Software-Defined Radio (SDR) platforms are valuable for research and development activities or high-end systems that demand flexible wireless protocols. While low-latency digital baseband processing can be achieved using a dedicated processing unit, like an FPGA or hardware accelerator, its multi-purpose Radio Frequency (RF) front-end often poses a limitation. Zero Intermediate Frequency (ZIF) transceivers are favorable for SDR, however, even for Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, these transceivers suffer from self-interference when the transmitting and receiving Local Oscillator (LO) is set to the same frequency. To achieve low self-interference, switching from receiving to transmitting mode is needed. However, the time this takes (turnaround time, TT) for configurable RF front-ends often violates the strict timing requirements of protocols like Wi-Fi and 5G, which require response times in the order of microseconds. In this work, we first evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of several methods to suppress self-interference of a ZIF transceiver. Next, a novel approach is proposed, which can reduce the TT to as low as 640ns using the widely used AD9361 configurable ZIF RF front-end, while the noise floor is at the same level as achieved by the conventional way of switching between transmit and receive mode. We have realized and validated this approach using openwifi — an open-source Wi-Fi implementation on SDR. As a result, the receiver sensitivity is improved by up to 17dB in the 2.4GHz band and 9.5dB in the 5GHz band, for over-the-air transmissions.