Cyclic behavior of steel frame structures with composite reinforced concrete infill walls and partially-restrained connections
This paper presents an experimental study of the cyclic behavior of a composite structural system consisting of partially-restrained (PR) steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls. The composite interaction is achieved through the use of the headed stud connectors along the steel frame–infi...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Journal of constructional steel research Vol. 61; no. 4; pp. 531 - 552 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
01-04-2005
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | This paper presents an experimental study of the cyclic behavior of a composite structural system consisting of partially-restrained (PR) steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls. The composite interaction is achieved through the use of the headed stud connectors along the steel frame–infill interfaces so that the two main components of the system share in the resistance of lateral shear and overturning moment. Having the relatively light steel frame constructed using PR connections maximizes the economy of the system, while still ensuring system integrity in the post-peak range of deformation. The one-bay, two-story test specimen was built at one-third scale. The study shows that this system has the potential to offer strength appropriate for resisting the forces from earthquakes and stiffness adequate for controlling drift for low- to moderate-rise buildings located in earthquake-prone regions. Redundancy is also exhibited in this system through alternate load paths occurring at different levels of loading, including shear stud–infill interaction, steel frame–infill strut interaction, and deformation of the steel frame. Improvement is needed for reducing the post-peak strength degradation observed in the present study. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper presents an experimental study of the cyclic behavior of a composite structural system consisting of partially-restrained (PR) steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls. The composite interaction is achieved through the use of the headed stud connectors along the steel frame–infill interfaces so that the two main components of the system share in the resistance of lateral shear and overturning moment. Having the relatively light steel frame constructed using PR connections maximizes the economy of the system, while still ensuring system integrity in the post-peak range of deformation. The one-bay, two-story test specimen was built at one-third scale. The study shows that this system has the potential to offer strength appropriate for resisting the forces from earthquakes and stiffness adequate for controlling drift for low- to moderate-rise buildings located in earthquake-prone regions. Redundancy is also exhibited in this system through alternate load paths occurring at different levels of loading, including shear stud–infill interaction, steel frame–infill strut interaction, and deformation of the steel frame. Improvement is needed for reducing the post-peak strength degradation observed in the present study. |
| Author | Shield, Carol K. Schultz, Arturo E. Hajjar, Jerome F. Tong, Xiangdong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiangdong surname: Tong fullname: Tong, Xiangdong organization: Walter P. Moore & Associates, Incorporated, Houston, TX 77098, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Jerome F. surname: Hajjar fullname: Hajjar, Jerome F. email: hajjar@struc.ce.umn.edu organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Arturo E. surname: Schultz fullname: Schultz, Arturo E. organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Carol K. surname: Shield fullname: Shield, Carol K. organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1qwzAQhUVJoUnaC3SlC9gdWVZsQzcl9A8C3bTQnZGlEZFxpCA5Cdn07JVJ113NzMe84c1bkJnzDgm5Z5AzYKuHPu9VDHkBUCaQAxRXZM7qimeiqfmMzIGVPGuq8vuGLGLsAaBueD0nP-uzGqyiHW7l0fpAvaFxRByoCXKHqQ8HNR4CRnqy45Yqv9v7aEekAa0zPijUCToVMLFE7DDQkxyGSKXTdC_DaNN0ztKFMUjrLusO1Wi9i7fk2sgh4t1fXZKvl-fP9Vu2-Xh9Xz9tMsUBxqyThRAGu5I1GrGrKq0r4LopdcdVt1Kd6oQoG6GNAcCCyaqUmq-KQpSAggNfkuJyVwUfY0DT7oPdyXBuGbRTgm3fTgm2U4ITSwkm0eNFhMnZ0WJoo7Lo0sc2JP-t9vY_-S9TlICm |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_8362319 crossref_primary_10_1002_cepa_238 crossref_primary_10_1002_tal_724 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10518_019_00752_8 crossref_primary_10_12989_sem_2014_52_6_1177 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jobe_2023_108053 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tws_2016_03_013 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma11040615 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14092162 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_166_169_2373 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2017_03_019 crossref_primary_10_1680_jstbu_15_00090 crossref_primary_10_5516_NET_09_2011_055 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10518_018_0475_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2020_110549 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11431_015_5891_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_tal_1819 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10518_017_0245_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2009_04_023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2023_107817 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11709_015_0294_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s13296_015_0206_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2017_09_152 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2010_12_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2013_03_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2011_06_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13296_018_0068_0 crossref_primary_10_1680_jstbu_16_00192 crossref_primary_10_1002_tal_597 crossref_primary_10_1002_tal_751 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2016_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40069_019_0377_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_istruc_2023_105121 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12205_013_1271_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2011_10_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11125356 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2015_09_011 crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_ST_1943_541X_0001895 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings14051333 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12205_021_2166_3 crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_690_1_012003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2016_08_019 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_368_370_1043 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_919_921_1003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11803_018_0449_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compstruct_2015_02_021 crossref_primary_10_1080_13632460902859144 crossref_primary_10_11004_kosacs_2015_6_2_046 crossref_primary_10_1080_13632469_2021_1961934 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2011_06_004 crossref_primary_10_12989_eas_2014_7_1_101 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2011_10_026 crossref_primary_10_3390_app9214723 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2022_107734 crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_SC_1943_5576_0000606 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2017_06_017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11709_015_0293_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2016_03_017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2021_112492 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13296_017_1209_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2012_05_037 crossref_primary_10_3390_app9142820 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2020_111024 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13296_018_0309_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_istruc_2020_04_034 crossref_primary_10_12989_eas_2016_10_1_163 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2017_07_016 crossref_primary_10_1177_1369433216646020 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings12010016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compstruct_2016_10_113 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.03.003 10.1016/0022-460X(85)90363-3 10.1680/iicep.1968.8091 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2004 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2004 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1873-5983 |
| EndPage | 552 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_jcsr_2004_10_002 S0143974X04001452 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29K 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ABXRA ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AEZYN AFKWA AFRZQ AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AI. AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 D-I EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JJJVA KOM LY7 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SSM SST SSZ T5K VH1 WUQ ZMT ~G- AAXKI AAYXX AFJKZ AKRWK CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-ba255feb419deeb77dd703d94db3cb6cbcb55495dff00e21a74ad3622540e5303 |
| ISSN | 0143-974X |
| IngestDate | Thu Sep 26 15:59:51 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:31:02 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Steel frame Partially-restrained connection Cyclic Composite wall Infill wall Seismic |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c300t-ba255feb419deeb77dd703d94db3cb6cbcb55495dff00e21a74ad3622540e5303 |
| PageCount | 22 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcsr_2004_10_002 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jcsr_2004_10_002 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2005-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2005-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2005 text: 2005-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of constructional steel research |
| PublicationYear | 2005 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Tong X., Schultz A.E., Hajjar J.F., Shield C.K. Seismic behavior of composite steel frame–reinforced concrete infill wall structural system. Report No. ST-01-2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 2001 American institute of steel construction (AISC) (b2) 2002 Tong X. Seismic behavior of composite steel frame–reinforced concrete infill wall structural system. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 2001 Kim, Chen (b6) 1998; 35 Liauw (b7) 1979; 76 Federal emergency management agency (FEMA). NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Report No. FEMA 273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC; 1997 Makino M., Kawano A., Kurobane Y., Saisho M., Yoshinaga K. An investigation for the design of framed structures with infill walls. In: Proceedings of the seventh world conference on earthquake engineering, vol. 4, 1980, p. 369–372 Architectural institute of Japan (AIJ) (b3) 1985 Liauw, Kwan (b8) 1985; 99 Saari, Hajjar, Schultz, Shield (b17) 2004; 60 National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) (b12) 1994 Shahrooz B.M., Gong B., Arnold J. Seismic behavior and design of composite coupling beam. Internal Report, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; 1996 Viest, Colaco, Furlong, Griffis, Leon, Wyllie (b23) 1997 Rassati, Hajjar, Schultz, Shield (b15) 2003 Saari W.K., Schultz A.E., Hajjar J.F., Shield C.K. Behavior of shear connectors in reinforced concrete infill walls. Structural Engineering Report No. ST-99-1, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; February, 1999 Hayashi, Yoshinaga (b5) 1994 Priestley, Seible, Calvi (b14) 1996 Makino (b10) 1985 Mallick, Severn (b11) 1968; 39 National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) (b13) 1997 American institute of steel construction (AISC) (b1) 1993 SAC joint venture. Protocol for fabrication, inspection, testing, and documentation of beam–column connection tests and other experimental specimens. Report No. SAC/BD-97/02, SAC Joint Venture, Sacramento, CA; 1997 Tong X., Schultz A.E., Hajjar J.F. Prototype design and plastic analysis of steel frames with composite reinforced concrete infill walls. Report No. ST-99-02, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; February, 1999 Makino (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b10) 1985 National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b13) 1997 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b20 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b21 Liauw (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b8) 1985; 99 National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b12) 1994 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b22 Mallick (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b11) 1968; 39 American institute of steel construction (AISC) (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b1) 1993 American institute of steel construction (AISC) (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b2) 2002 Priestley (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b14) 1996 Kim (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b6) 1998; 35 Architectural institute of Japan (AIJ) (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b3) 1985 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b16 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b4 Liauw (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b7) 1979; 76 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b18 Saari (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b17) 2004; 60 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b19 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b9 Rassati (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b15) 2003 Viest (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b23) 1997 Hayashi (10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b5) 1994 |
| References_xml | – year: 1985 ident: b3 article-title: Design recommendation for composite construction contributor: fullname: Architectural institute of Japan (AIJ) – volume: 35 start-page: 50 year: 1998 end-page: 75 ident: b6 article-title: Design tables for top- and seat-angle with double web-angle connections publication-title: Engineering Journal, AISC contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 39 start-page: 261 year: 1968 end-page: 288 ident: b11 article-title: Dynamic characteristics of infilled frames publication-title: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers contributor: fullname: Severn – start-page: 279 year: 1985 end-page: 287 ident: b10 article-title: Design of framed steel structures with infilled reinforced concrete walls publication-title: Composite and mixed construction contributor: fullname: Makino – start-page: 1617 year: 1994 end-page: 1618 ident: b5 article-title: An experimental study of practical application of composite structures of a frame and an earthquake-resistant wall 9 publication-title: Synopses of the conference of architecture institute of Japan contributor: fullname: Yoshinaga – year: 1997 ident: b13 article-title: Recommended provisions for the development of seismic regulations for new buildings. Part I—provisions. Part 2—commentary contributor: fullname: National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) – volume: 60 start-page: 1453 year: 2004 end-page: 1480 ident: b17 article-title: Behavior of shear studs in steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls publication-title: Journal of Constructional Steel Research contributor: fullname: Shield – volume: 99 start-page: 275 year: 1985 end-page: 283 ident: b8 article-title: Static and cyclic behavior of multistory infilled frames with different interface conditions publication-title: Journal of Sound and Vibration contributor: fullname: Kwan – volume: 76 start-page: 551 year: 1979 end-page: 564 ident: b7 article-title: Test on multistory infilled frames subject to dynamic lateral loading publication-title: ACI Journal contributor: fullname: Liauw – year: 1996 ident: b14 article-title: Seismic design and retrofit of bridges contributor: fullname: Calvi – year: 1997 ident: b23 article-title: Composite construction: design for buildings contributor: fullname: Wyllie – year: 1993 ident: b1 article-title: Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings contributor: fullname: American institute of steel construction (AISC) – year: 2002 ident: b2 article-title: Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings contributor: fullname: American institute of steel construction (AISC) – start-page: 1259 year: 2003 end-page: 1265 ident: b15 article-title: Cyclic analysis of PR steel frames with composite reinforced concrete infill walls publication-title: Proceedings of advances in structures: steel, composite and aluminum (ASSCA) ’03 contributor: fullname: Shield – year: 1994 ident: b12 article-title: Recommended provisions for the development of seismic regulations for new buildings. Part I—provisions. Part 2—commentary contributor: fullname: National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b22 – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b21 – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b20 – year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b13 contributor: fullname: National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b16 – year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b23 contributor: fullname: Viest – start-page: 1259 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b15 article-title: Cyclic analysis of PR steel frames with composite reinforced concrete infill walls contributor: fullname: Rassati – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b18 – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b19 – year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b14 contributor: fullname: Priestley – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b1 contributor: fullname: American institute of steel construction (AISC) – start-page: 279 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b10 article-title: Design of framed steel structures with infilled reinforced concrete walls contributor: fullname: Makino – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b9 – ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b4 – volume: 35 start-page: 50 issue: 2 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b6 article-title: Design tables for top- and seat-angle with double web-angle connections publication-title: Engineering Journal, AISC contributor: fullname: Kim – volume: 76 start-page: 551 issue: 4 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b7 article-title: Test on multistory infilled frames subject to dynamic lateral loading publication-title: ACI Journal contributor: fullname: Liauw – volume: 60 start-page: 1453 issue: 10 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b17 article-title: Behavior of shear studs in steel frames with reinforced concrete infill walls publication-title: Journal of Constructional Steel Research doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.03.003 contributor: fullname: Saari – year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b2 contributor: fullname: American institute of steel construction (AISC) – year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b3 contributor: fullname: Architectural institute of Japan (AIJ) – start-page: 1617 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b5 article-title: An experimental study of practical application of composite structures of a frame and an earthquake-resistant wall 9 contributor: fullname: Hayashi – volume: 99 start-page: 275 issue: 2 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b8 article-title: Static and cyclic behavior of multistory infilled frames with different interface conditions publication-title: Journal of Sound and Vibration doi: 10.1016/0022-460X(85)90363-3 contributor: fullname: Liauw – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b12 contributor: fullname: National earthquake hazard reduction program (NEHRP) – volume: 39 start-page: 261 year: 1968 ident: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002_b11 article-title: Dynamic characteristics of infilled frames publication-title: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers doi: 10.1680/iicep.1968.8091 contributor: fullname: Mallick |
| SSID | ssj0008938 |
| Score | 2.1518257 |
| Snippet | This paper presents an experimental study of the cyclic behavior of a composite structural system consisting of partially-restrained (PR) steel frames with... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 531 |
| SubjectTerms | Composite wall Cyclic Infill wall Partially-restrained connection Seismic Steel frame |
| Title | Cyclic behavior of steel frame structures with composite reinforced concrete infill walls and partially-restrained connections |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.10.002 |
| Volume | 61 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lj9MwELZK9wIHxFMsL_nALXKVJs7ruFqygkXiQpF6ixLbYYlCs2K3QnvhtzPjsZPArhAgcakat2lSzyfPI5-_YexVsY5NrgolVBoZIfO0FnkiUxFrlTdpgwpctnXCh-z9Nn9dynKx8Cod09h_tTSMga1x5-xfWHv8URiA92BzeAWrw-sf2f34SqFutd9-j8EgGNL0QYs0rID0YveQZHvW-RfL28LuKVZEFfkAkCNDMHmJeiLt574PvtV9T1rO53hFOLoS2NMD20vQ13eW0eUqf9djXTVMQrV2gwrekNMZGuvRG8cO3gJiP-nBuVS7OnYd8cBPDaorBCer6fnR2b63LWnxMcP-6xCU02dnvv22ZbUE71Y_lTiSGTPG1t383puJ6ESl0FhANrQlT0bLd57FIimoNY5f30ns3eFYzhbrxPkf8vsJKelecylU3ehWnbqw-rFyZdmA0eRAR1ojMuVivCVcGdcygdDgIIIFUC7ZwdHbcns6xggQJeZErqX_4LZzEfPw1yvdHDLNwqDNPXbX2ZQfEfDus4XZPWB3ZqqWD9l3giD3EORDy63FuYUgnyDIEYJ8hCCfIMg9BDlBkFsIcoAgvwmCfAbBR-zjSbk5fiNcmw-h4jC8FE0NaW1rGrkutDFNlmkNbkgXUjexalLVqAZi3iLRbRuGJlrXmaw1xF0RJBsmgRDsMVvuhp15wngd5lkd1zqFvEFGcFQkRZ2rUCuJebc6ZIGfyeqc1FwqT3PsKpx3bMsqcQzm_ZAlfrIrF49SnFkBNn5z3tN_PO8Zuz2h_zlbgjXMC3brQu9fOvz8AAvMtcI |
| link.rule.ids | 315,782,786,27934,27935 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cyclic+behavior+of+steel+frame+structures+with+composite+reinforced+concrete+infill+walls+and+partially-restrained+connections&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+constructional+steel+research&rft.au=Tong%2C+Xiangdong&rft.au=Hajjar%2C+Jerome+F.&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Arturo+E.&rft.au=Shield%2C+Carol+K.&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0143-974X&rft.eissn=1873-5983&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=531&rft.epage=552&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jcsr.2004.10.002&rft.externalDocID=S0143974X04001452 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0143-974X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0143-974X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0143-974X&client=summon |