Comparison of equivalent circuit models for the simulation of soil ionization
•High impulse currents cause soil ionization that reduces the grounding resistance.•Measured impulse responses both with one and two current peaks are simulated.•Three equivalent circuit models implemented with the ATP-Draw program are compared.•The model by Nor et al is selected as the most general...
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| Published in: | Electric power systems research Vol. 113; pp. 180 - 187 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01-08-2014
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| Abstract | •High impulse currents cause soil ionization that reduces the grounding resistance.•Measured impulse responses both with one and two current peaks are simulated.•Three equivalent circuit models implemented with the ATP-Draw program are compared.•The model by Nor et al is selected as the most general and adjustable approach.
The main characteristic of the transient behaviour of a grounding system is the decrease of the grounding impedance, due to soil ionization phenomena that take place, when the density of the injected current exceeds a critical value. In this paper three circuit models proposed by researchers have been implemented using the ATP/EMTP programme in order to simulate the transient response of a grounding system taking soil ionization into account. The simulation results are compared to measurements received by imposing impulse voltages on soil samples. The accuracy of each model is evaluated according to the level of proximity to the oscillograms and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of each modelling approach. |
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| AbstractList | •High impulse currents cause soil ionization that reduces the grounding resistance.•Measured impulse responses both with one and two current peaks are simulated.•Three equivalent circuit models implemented with the ATP-Draw program are compared.•The model by Nor et al is selected as the most general and adjustable approach.
The main characteristic of the transient behaviour of a grounding system is the decrease of the grounding impedance, due to soil ionization phenomena that take place, when the density of the injected current exceeds a critical value. In this paper three circuit models proposed by researchers have been implemented using the ATP/EMTP programme in order to simulate the transient response of a grounding system taking soil ionization into account. The simulation results are compared to measurements received by imposing impulse voltages on soil samples. The accuracy of each model is evaluated according to the level of proximity to the oscillograms and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of each modelling approach. |
| Author | Stathopulos, I.A. Nicolopoulou, E.P. Gonos, I.F. Asimakopoulou, F.E. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1049/ip-smt:20040667 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852352 10.1049/piee.1974.0022 |
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| Copyright | 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
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| Keywords | Transient response Simulation Soil ionization Equivalent circuit |
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| References | Nor, Haddad, Griffiths (bib0005) 2006; 21 Asimakopoulou, Gonos, Stathopulos (bib0025) 2011 Liew, Darveniza (bib0015) 1974; 121 Nicolopoulou, Asimakopoulou, Gonos, Stathopulos (bib0030) 2012 Lima, Visacro (bib0035) 2008 Alternative Transients Programme (bib0050) 2001 Khalifa (bib0045) 1990 Kalat, Loboda, Pochanke (bib0010) 1994 Gonos, Stathopulos (bib0040) 2004; 151 Nixon (bib0020) 2006 Lima (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0035) 2008 Asimakopoulou (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0025) 2011 Nixon (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0020) 2006 Kalat (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0010) 1994 Gonos (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0040) 2004; 151 Nor (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0005) 2006; 21 Liew (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0015) 1974; 121 Khalifa (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0045) 1990 Alternative Transients Programme (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0050) 2001 Nicolopoulou (10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0030) 2012 |
| References_xml | – year: 2001 ident: bib0050 publication-title: Rulebook contributor: fullname: Alternative Transients Programme – volume: 151 start-page: 343 year: 2004 end-page: 346 ident: bib0040 article-title: Soil ionization under lightning impulse voltages publication-title: IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology contributor: fullname: Stathopulos – year: 2006 ident: bib0020 article-title: The lightning transient behaviour of driven rod earth electrode in multi-layer soil contributor: fullname: Nixon – year: 2011 ident: bib0025 article-title: – publication-title: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering (ISH 2011) contributor: fullname: Stathopulos – year: 1994 ident: bib0010 article-title: Implementation of the dynamic model of surge soil conduction for transient behaviour of grounding electrodes simulations using ATP version of EMTP publication-title: 22nd International Conference on Lightning Protection contributor: fullname: Pochanke – year: 1990 ident: bib0045 article-title: High Voltage Engineering contributor: fullname: Khalifa – volume: 21 start-page: 353 year: 2006 end-page: 361 ident: bib0005 article-title: Characterization of ionization phenomena in soils under fast impulses publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery contributor: fullname: Griffiths – year: 2012 ident: bib0030 article-title: Comparison of circuit models for the simulation of soil ionization publication-title: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP 2012) contributor: fullname: Stathopulos – year: 2008 ident: bib0035 article-title: Experimental developments on soil ionization: new findings publication-title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Grounding and Earthing and the 3rd International Conference on Lightning Physics and Effects (GROUND 2008 & 3rd LPE) contributor: fullname: Visacro – volume: 121 start-page: 123 year: 1974 end-page: 135 ident: bib0015 article-title: Dynamic model of impulse characteristics of concentrated earths publication-title: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers contributor: fullname: Darveniza – year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0050 contributor: fullname: Alternative Transients Programme – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0025 article-title: I–V curves for the determination of the ionization voltage in soil samples contributor: fullname: Asimakopoulou – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0030 article-title: Comparison of circuit models for the simulation of soil ionization contributor: fullname: Nicolopoulou – volume: 151 start-page: 343 issue: September (5) year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0040 article-title: Soil ionization under lightning impulse voltages publication-title: IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology doi: 10.1049/ip-smt:20040667 contributor: fullname: Gonos – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0035 article-title: Experimental developments on soil ionization: new findings contributor: fullname: Lima – volume: 21 start-page: 353 issue: January (1) year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0005 article-title: Characterization of ionization phenomena in soils under fast impulses publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852352 contributor: fullname: Nor – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0010 article-title: Implementation of the dynamic model of surge soil conduction for transient behaviour of grounding electrodes simulations using ATP version of EMTP contributor: fullname: Kalat – year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0020 contributor: fullname: Nixon – year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0045 contributor: fullname: Khalifa – volume: 121 start-page: 123 issue: 2 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.024_bib0015 article-title: Dynamic model of impulse characteristics of concentrated earths publication-title: Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers doi: 10.1049/piee.1974.0022 contributor: fullname: Liew |
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| Snippet | •High impulse currents cause soil ionization that reduces the grounding resistance.•Measured impulse responses both with one and two current peaks are... |
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| SubjectTerms | Equivalent circuit Simulation Soil ionization Transient response |
| Title | Comparison of equivalent circuit models for the simulation of soil ionization |
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