Strong Elastic Protein Nanosheets Enable the Culture and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Microdroplets

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 36; no. 38; pp. e2406333 - n/a
• Main Authors: Mojares, Elijah, Nadal, Clemence, Hayler, Daniel, Kanso, Hassan, Chrysanthou, Alexandra, Neri Cruz, Carlos E., Gautrot, Julien E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Animals; cardiomyocyte; Cell Culture Techniques - methods; Cell Differentiation; Chip formation; Differentiation; Elasticity; Humans; In vitro methods and tests; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism; interfacial mechanics; iPSC; Manufacturing; Mechanics (physics); Mice; microdroplet microfluidic; Myocytes, Cardiac - cytology; Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism; Nanosheets; Nanostructures - chemistry; Pipelines; protein nanosheet; Proteins; Proteins - chemistry; Proteins - metabolism; Stem cells; Substrates; Viscoelasticity; microdroplet microfluidic; interfacial mechanics; protein nanosheet; cardiomyocyte; iPSC
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406333

Advances in stem cell technologies, revolutionizing regenerative therapies and advanced in vitro testing, require novel cell manufacturing pipelines able to cope with scale up and parallelization. Microdroplet technologies, which have transformed single cell sequencing and other cell‐based assays, are attractive in this context, but the inherent soft mechanics of liquid‐liquid interfaces is typically thought to be incompatible with the expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their differentiation. In this work, the design of protein nanosheets stabilizing liquid‐liquid interfaces and enabling the adhesion, expansion and retention of stemness by iPSCs is reported. Microdroplet microfluidic chips are used to control the formulation of droplets with defined dimensions and size distributions. The resulting emulsions sustain high expansion rates, with excellent retention of stem cell marker expression. iPSCs cultured in such conditions retain the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. This work provides clear evidence that local nanoscale mechanics, associated with interfacial viscoelasticity, provides strong cues able to regulate and maintain pluripotency, as well as to support commitment in defined differentiation conditions. Microdroplet technologies appear as attractive candidates to transform cell manufacturing pipelines, bypassing significant hurdles paused by solid substrates and microcarriers.
Liquid microcarriers are attractive solutions to enable cell culture in a scalable format, for stem cell manufacturing and applications in regenerative medicine. Here, iPSCs are cultured at the surface of microdroplets for the first time. This process is enabled by the self‐assembly of strong elastic protein nanosheets that stabilize microdroplets, reinforce interfacial mechanics and engage cell adhesion receptors.