Chemical and physical fertility indicators of a weakly-structured Ultisol after liming and mulching
In the humid tropic, chemical and physical soil properties that decrease soil's nutrient availability and increase oxygen deficiency are important as restrictions to crop growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between plant growth and chemical and physical fertility i...
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Published in: | Scientia agricola Vol. 66; no. 6; pp. 800 - 805 |
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Abstract | In the humid tropic, chemical and physical soil properties that decrease soil's nutrient availability and increase oxygen deficiency are important as restrictions to crop growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between plant growth and chemical and physical fertility indicators of an Ultisol developed from sediments of the Itapecuru Formation in Central-Northern state of Maranhão, Brazil. An experiment was established with randomized block design, four replicates, and six treatments: 6.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; 3.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; bare soil with or without liming. Determinations in the plants included leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and the yield parameters: mean number and weight of ears, 100-kernel weight, harvest index, and total grain yield. Soil determinations consisted of bulk density variations on the surface and at 20 cm, effective porosity evolution after intentional flooding, and alterations in chemical indicators such as cation exchange capacity, bases saturation, organic carbon, and macronutrient contents. Mulching and liming were equivalent with regard to their influence on leaf area yield, but mulching was more important for corn productivity because of its greater effect on net photosynthesis.
No trópico úmido, os indicadores químicos e físicos, que diminuem a disponibilidade de nutrientes e aumentam a deficiência de oxigênio dos solos, são importantes para diagnosticar restrições ao crescimento das culturas. Avaliaram-se as relações entre o crescimento das plantas e os principais indicadores físicos e químicos da fertilidade de um Argissolo desenvolvido em sedimentos da Formação Itapecuru, no Centro-Norte do Maranhão. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos: 6,0 Mg ha-1 de cobertura morta com e sem calagem; 3,0 Mg ha-1 de cobertura morta com e sem calagem; solo descoberto com e sem calagem. Nas plantas, foram determinados o índice de área foliar, a taxa de assimilação líquida e os parâmetros de produtividade: número e peso médio das espigas, peso de 100 grãos, índice de colheita e produção total de grãos. No solo foram avaliadas as variações nas densidades na sua superfície e a 20 cm, a evolução da porosidade efetiva após alagamento provocado e as alterações em indicadores químicos como capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases, carbono orgânico e teores de macronutrientes. A cobertura morta e a calagem se equivaleram quanto à influência na produção da área foliar, mas a cobertura morta foi mais importante para a produtividade do milho, devido ao seu maior efeito sobre a fotossíntese líquida das plantas. |
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AbstractList | In the humid tropic, chemical and physical soil properties that decrease soil's nutrient availability and increase oxygen deficiency are important as restrictions to crop growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between plant growth and chemical and physical fertility indicators of an Ultisol developed from sediments of the Itapecuru Formation in Central-Northern state of Maranhão, Brazil. An experiment was established with randomized block design, four replicates, and six treatments: 6.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; 3.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; bare soil with or without liming. Determinations in the plants included leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and the yield parameters: mean number and weight of ears, 100-kernel weight, harvest index, and total grain yield. Soil determinations consisted of bulk density variations on the surface and at 20 cm, effective porosity evolution after intentional flooding, and alterations in chemical indicators such as cation exchange capacity, bases saturation, organic carbon, and macronutrient contents. Mulching and liming were equivalent with regard to their influence on leaf area yield, but mulching was more important for corn productivity because of its greater effect on net photosynthesis.
No trópico úmido, os indicadores químicos e físicos, que diminuem a disponibilidade de nutrientes e aumentam a deficiência de oxigênio dos solos, são importantes para diagnosticar restrições ao crescimento das culturas. Avaliaram-se as relações entre o crescimento das plantas e os principais indicadores físicos e químicos da fertilidade de um Argissolo desenvolvido em sedimentos da Formação Itapecuru, no Centro-Norte do Maranhão. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos: 6,0 Mg ha-1 de cobertura morta com e sem calagem; 3,0 Mg ha-1 de cobertura morta com e sem calagem; solo descoberto com e sem calagem. Nas plantas, foram determinados o índice de área foliar, a taxa de assimilação líquida e os parâmetros de produtividade: número e peso médio das espigas, peso de 100 grãos, índice de colheita e produção total de grãos. No solo foram avaliadas as variações nas densidades na sua superfície e a 20 cm, a evolução da porosidade efetiva após alagamento provocado e as alterações em indicadores químicos como capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases, carbono orgânico e teores de macronutrientes. A cobertura morta e a calagem se equivaleram quanto à influência na produção da área foliar, mas a cobertura morta foi mais importante para a produtividade do milho, devido ao seu maior efeito sobre a fotossíntese líquida das plantas. In the humid tropic, chemical and physical soil properties that decrease soil's nutrient availability and increase oxygen deficiency are important as restrictions to crop growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between plant growth and chemical and physical fertility indicators of an Ultisol developed from sediments of the Itapecuru Formation in Central-Northern state of Maranhão, Brazil. An experiment was established with randomized block design, four replicates, and six treatments: 6.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; 3.0 Mg ha-1 mulch with or without liming; bare soil with or without liming. Determinations in the plants included leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and the yield parameters: mean number and weight of ears, 100-kernel weight, harvest index, and total grain yield. Soil determinations consisted of bulk density variations on the surface and at 20 cm, effective porosity evolution after intentional flooding, and alterations in chemical indicators such as cation exchange capacity, bases saturation, organic carbon, and macronutrient contents. Mulching and liming were equivalent with regard to their influence on leaf area yield, but mulching was more important for corn productivity because of its greater effect on net photosynthesis. |
Author | Freitas, Idelfonso Colares de(UEMA) Moura, Emanoel Gomes de(UEMA) Aguiar, Alana das Chagas Ferreira(UFMA Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais) Coelho, Kátia Pereira(UEMA) |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Universidade Federal do Maranhão |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Universidade Federal do Maranhão – name: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Moura, Emanoel Gomes de(UEMA) – sequence: 2 fullname: Coelho, Kátia Pereira(UEMA) – sequence: 3 fullname: Freitas, Idelfonso Colares de(UEMA) – sequence: 4 fullname: Aguiar, Alana das Chagas Ferreira(UFMA Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais) |
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Cites_doi | 10.13031/2013.31452 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.012 10.1007/s11104-007-9316-3 10.1126/science.218.4571.443 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050011x 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.09.005 10.1126/science.135.3509.1135-a 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90139-2 10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800010001x 10.1016/0933-3630(95)00043-7 10.1002/jsfa.2740130706 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050034x 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1978.tb02029.x 10.1071/SR9940013 10.1590/S0103-90162008000200014 10.1590/S0103-90162001000200024 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00083-1 |
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Keywords | effective porosity produtividade yield porosidade efetiva growth Zea mays L crescimento |
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Fisiologia Vegetal contributor: fullname: PORTES, T.A.; CASTRO-JÚNIOR, L.G. – publication-title: Análise química de solo para fins de fertilidade contributor: fullname: RAIJ, B van.; QUAGGIO, J.A.; CANTARELLA, H.; FERREIRA, M.E.; LOPES, A.S.; BATAGLIA, O.C. – year: 1999 publication-title: Recomendações para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais - 5ª aproximação contributor: fullname: RIBEIRO, A.C.; GUIMARÃES, P.T.G.; ALVAREZ, V.H. – volume: 27 start-page: 439 year: 1983 end-page: 444 article-title: Influence of mulching on bulk density and aeration porosity of soil in relation to groundnut production publication-title: Archiv für acker und Pflanzenbau und bodenkunde contributor: fullname: KHAN, A.R. – volume: 29 start-page: 38 year: 1978 end-page: 46 article-title: Towards an objective classification of soil structure publication-title: Journal of Soil Science contributor: fullname: THOMASSON, A.J. – volume: 33 start-page: 1153 year: 1990 end-page: 1160 article-title: Normalized crop susceptibility factors for corn and soybean to excess water stress publication-title: Transactions of the ASAE contributor: fullname: EVANS, R.O.; SKAGGS, R.W.; SNEED, R.E. – volume: 13 start-page: 380 year: 1962 end-page: 385 article-title: The importance of aeration in providing the right conditions for plant growth publication-title: Journal of Science Food Agriculture contributor: fullname: CURRIE, J.A. – volume: 135 start-page: 1135 year: 1988 end-page: 1136 article-title: Irrigation and nitrogen effects on sweet corn row numbers at various growth stages publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: SCHREIBER, H.A.; STANBERRY, C.O.; TUCKER, H. – volume: 297 start-page: 29 year: 2007 end-page: 42 article-title: Yield and environmental benefits of ameliorating subsoil constraints under variable rainfall in a Mediterranean environment publication-title: Plant and Soil contributor: fullname: WONG, M.T.F.; ASSENG, S. – volume: 18 start-page: 325 year: 1996 end-page: 339 article-title: On-farm cots of reducing residual nitrogen on cropland vulnerable to nitrate leaching publication-title: Review of Agricultural Economics contributor: fullname: HUANG, W.Y.; SHNK, D.; HEWITT, T.I. – volume: 32 start-page: 13 year: 1994 end-page: 44 article-title: The management of soil physical properties limiting crop production in Australian sodic soils: a review publication-title: Australian Journal of Soil Research contributor: fullname: JAYAWARDANE, N.S.; CHAN, K.Y. – volume: 28 start-page: 329 year: 1994 end-page: 346 article-title: Tillage and mulching effects on physical properties of a tropical Alfisol publication-title: Soil and Tillage Research contributor: fullname: FRANZEN, H.; LAL, R.; EHLERS, W. – volume: 62 start-page: 1384 year: 1998 end-page: 1393 article-title: Least limiting water range: traffic and long-term tillage influences in a Webster soil publication-title: Soil Science Society American Journal contributor: fullname: BETZ, C.L.; ALLMARAS, R.R.; COPELAND, S.M.; RANDALL, G.W. – volume: 58 start-page: 391 year: 2001 end-page: 394 article-title: Saturação por bases e híbridos de milho sob sistema plantio direto publication-title: Scientia Agricola contributor: fullname: PRADO, R.M. – volume: 48 start-page: 3 year: 1984 end-page: 6 article-title: Measurements of gas diffusion coefficient under relatively low air-filled porosity publication-title: Soil Science Society of America Journal contributor: fullname: SALLAM, A.; JURI, W.A.; LETEY, J. – volume: 62 start-page: 1228 year: 1998 end-page: 1233 article-title: Changes in soil water retention curves due to tillage and natural reconsolidation publication-title: Soil Science Society of America Journal contributor: fullname: AHUJA, L.R.; FIEDLER, F.; DUNN, G.H.; BENJAMIN, J.G.; GARRISON, A. – volume: 218 start-page: 443 year: 1982 end-page: 448 article-title: Plant productivity and environment publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: BOYER, J.S. – volume: 137 start-page: 226 year: 2006 end-page: 230 article-title: Compaction and mulching effects on soil loss runoff from two southwestern Nigeria agricultural soils publication-title: Geoderma contributor: fullname: ADEKALU, K.O.; OKUNADE, D.A.; OSUNBITAN, J.A. |
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SubjectTerms | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY crescimento effective porosity growth porosidade efetiva produtividade yield Zea mays L |
Title | Chemical and physical fertility indicators of a weakly-structured Ultisol after liming and mulching |
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