The scope for adaptation of quinoa in Northern Latitudes of Europe

• Published in: Journal of agronomy and crop science (1986) Vol. 203; no. 6; pp. 603 - 613
• Main Author: Jacobsen, S.‐E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-12-2017
• Subjects: Adaptation; Agricultural development; agro‐biodiversity; Airborne microorganisms; Chenopodium quinoa; Crops; Cultivars; Cultivation; Daylength; Disease resistance; Downy mildew; Grain cultivation; Mechanization; Plant breeding; Quinoa; Seeds; underutilized species; Weed control; Northern Europe
• ISSN: 0931-2250; 1439-037X
• DOI: 10.1111/jac.12228

Due to the increasing global demand for quinoa, both as an Andean export commodity and for agricultural development purposes, there is considerable interest in testing quinoa for growing under a range of environmental and geographical conditions. One of the environments most distanced from the crops’ natural conditions is Northern Europe. Research work performed in Europe has demonstrated the potential of quinoa to be produced under European conditions, with varieties adapted to longer days, more humid environment and mechanization. Quinoa is now grown commercially outside South America, and the number of producer countries and area is rapidly increasing. To secure a successful cultivation of quinoa in Northern Europe, several aspects must be considered. The only cultivars to grow are daylength neutral varieties. Establishment of the crop is critical, as all small seeded crops require a shallow sowing depth in a uniform and humid seed bed. Weed control should be done as carefully and precisely as possible with hoeing between the rows. Harvest takes place when seeds are mature, and plants are dry. In Northern Europe, harvest is taking place in the beginning of September. Yields are 1–3 t/ha, and prices are high. Breeding efforts in quinoa aim at disease resistance against downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis), earliness, low saponin content and high yield. The scope for adaptation and marketing of locally produced quinoa in Northern Europe seems considerable.