Antibody to Human Retroviruses among Drug Users in Three East Coast American Cities, 1972–1976

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 163; no. 1; pp. 57 - 63
• Main Authors: Biggar, Robert J., Buskell-Bales, Zelma, Yakshe, Paul N., Caussy, Deoraj, Gridley, Gloria, Seeff, Leonard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01-01-1991; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: Adult; AIDS; Antibodies; Antivirals; Biological and medical sciences; Deltaretrovirus Antibodies - blood; Deltaretrovirus Infections - complications; Deltaretrovirus Infections - epidemiology; District of Columbia - epidemiology; Epidemiology; Female; Florida - epidemiology; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Dependence - complications; HIV; HTLV-I Antibodies - blood; HTLV-II Antibodies - blood; Human T lymphotropic virus 1; Human T lymphotropic virus 2; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunoblotting; Infections; Infectious diseases; Major Articles; Male; Medical sciences; New Jersey - epidemiology; Prevalence; Reactivity; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders - complications; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Viruses; United States; North America; America; Florida; District of Columbia; New Jersey; Human; Drug addiction; Antibody; Retroviridae; Epidemiology; Infection; Virus; HTLV-II virus; Immunological investigation; Viral disease; Lentivirinae; Serum; Human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV-I virus
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.1.57

Between 1972 and 1976, 585 persons attending methadone maintenance clinics at East Coast veterans hospitals were enrolled in a survey of hepatitis antibody prevalence. Sera were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) using both HTLV-I and HTLV-IIimmunoblots. Clinical and death records were also reviewed. None of the sera had HIV antibodies (upper 95% confidence limit, 0.5%); however, 103(18%)had reactivity to HTLV. The profile of reactivity suggested that these subjects had been exposed to HTLV-II rather than to HTLV-I. Prevalence was as high in the early 1970s as today and correlated with duration of drug use rather than age. Neither cancers, specific neurologic diseases, nor excess deaths from any cause (overall 14%)could be ascribed to seropositivity. Therefore, HTLV(probably HTLV-II) has been a common infection of drug users for many years but adverse outcomes following infection were not demonstrated.