Association between weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes after dietary and lifestyle interventions: a meta-analysis

• Published in: American journal of perinatology Vol. 31; no. 5; p. 353
• Main Authors: Ruifrok, A E, van Poppel, M N M, van Wely, M, Rogozińska, E, Khan, K S, de Groot, C J M, Thangaratinam, S, Mol, B W
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01-05-2014
• Subjects: Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology; Diet; Female; Humans; Labor, Induced - statistics & numerical data; Life Style; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - therapy; Pre-Eclampsia - epidemiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Pregnancy Complications - therapy; Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Gain
• ISSN: 1098-8785
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1352484

Lifestyle interventions in obese pregnant women reduce adverse maternal outcomes of pregnancy. However, the association between weight change due to interventions and the actual reduction in complications is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and the rate of pregnancy complications.
The authors included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy on GWG and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. For each outcome they assessed the association between GWG and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
They analyzed data of 23 RCTs (4,990 women). Increased GWG was associated with a nonsignificant increase in the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) (0.2% per gained kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5 to 0.9%, p > 0.05), gestational diabetes (GDM) (0.3% per gained kg, 95% CI -0.5 to 1.0%, p > 0.05), and induction of labor (IOL) (1.5% per gained kg, 95% CI -0.9 to 3.9%, p > 0.05).
Reduction in GWG due to lifestyle interventions in pregnancy had statistically nonsignificant effects on lowering the incidence of PE, GDM, and IOL. Possibly, the beneficial effect of lifestyle interventions on pregnancy outcomes is due to an effect independent of the reduction of GWG.