A Key for John Doe: Modeling and Designing Anonymous Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Protocols

• Published in: IEEE transactions on dependable and secure computing Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 1336 - 1353
• Main Authors: Vasco, Maria Isabel Gonzalez, Pozo, Angel L. Perez del, Soriente, Claudio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington IEEE 01-05-2021; IEEE Computer Society
• Subjects: anonymity; Authentication; Clients; Encryption; group key exchange; Indexes; Password; Password authentication; Passwords; Protocols; Pseudorandom; Servers
• ISSN: 1545-5971; 1941-0018
• DOI: 10.1109/TDSC.2019.2919013

Anonymous Password-Authenticated Key Exchange (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sf{ APAKE}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">APAKE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gonzalezvasco-ieq1-2919013.gif"/> </inline-formula>) can be seen as the hybrid offspring of standard key exchange and anonymous password authentication protocols. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sf{ APAKE}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">APAKE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gonzalezvasco-ieq2-2919013.gif"/> </inline-formula> allows a client holding a low-entropy password to establish a session key with a server, provided that the client's password is in the server's set. Moreover, no information about the password input by the client or the set of valid passwords held by the server should leak to the other party-beyond whether the client's password lies or not in the server's password database. To the best of our knowledge, all <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sf{ APAKE}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">APAKE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gonzalezvasco-ieq3-2919013.gif"/> </inline-formula> proposals to date either assume client storage or force the client to remember the index assigned to its password in the server's database. Furthermore, earlier works either provide only informal definitions or fail in some sense to properly model the primitive. In this paper, we provide a formal security model for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sf{ APAKE}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">APAKE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gonzalezvasco-ieq4-2919013.gif"/> </inline-formula>, capturing security and anonymity provisions for both clients and servers. In addition, we present two <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sf{ APAKE}</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">APAKE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gonzalezvasco-ieq5-2919013.gif"/> </inline-formula> protocols that only require clients to remember a password and that attain our sought key secrecy and anonymity guarantees. Our first protocol leverages oblivious pseudo-random functions, while the second one builds upon a special type of identity-based encryption scheme.