Pulse Compression Waveform and Filter Optimization for Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radar

The optimal design of pulse compression waveform/filter pairs for use with near-nadir spaceborne radar in low earth orbit for the observation of clouds and precipitation is discussed. An optimization technique is introduced that considers performance metrics specific to the remote sensing of clouds...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 915 - 931
Main Authors:	Beauchamp, Robert M., Tanelli, Simone, Peral, Eva, Chandrasekar, V.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01-02-2017 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Clouds Compression Computer simulation Constraint modelling Doppler sonar Earth Earth orbit Earth orbits Echoes Frequency dependence Frequency modulation Low earth orbits Meteorological radar Optimization Optimization techniques Performance measurement Precipitation Profiles Pulse compression pulse compression methods Radar radar clutter Radar cross-sections radar remote sensing Radar scattering Reflectance Remote sensing Sea surface Sensitivity Sidelobes Spaceborne radar Spatial distribution Surface waves Waveforms
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Abstract	The optimal design of pulse compression waveform/filter pairs for use with near-nadir spaceborne radar in low earth orbit for the observation of clouds and precipitation is discussed. An optimization technique is introduced that considers performance metrics specific to the remote sensing of clouds and precipitation from such platforms. Specifically, the sensitivity of the radar to precipitation and clouds is maximized as close to the ground as required. The sensitivity of the radar near the surface is typically limited by the pulse compression range sidelobes from the surface's echo. Optimization of the waveform/filter pair's performance is facilitated by a time-domain radar scattering model to simulate radar reflectivity range profiles. The presented radar-scattering model accounts for the radar's configuration constraints and platform motion, as well as the spatial distribution and relative motion of the scatterers. In this paper, the optimization of both linear frequency modulation (LFM) and nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveforms is considered. It is demonstrated that the LFM waveforms provide superior performance over NLFM waveforms for application subject to unmitigated Doppler shifts.
AbstractList	The optimal design of pulse compression waveform/filter pairs for use with near-nadir spaceborne radar in low earth orbit for the observation of clouds and precipitation is discussed. An optimization technique is introduced that considers performance metrics specific to the remote sensing of clouds and precipitation from such platforms. Specifically, the sensitivity of the radar to precipitation and clouds is maximized as close to the ground as required. The sensitivity of the radar near the surface is typically limited by the pulse compression range sidelobes from the surface's echo. Optimization of the waveform/filter pair's performance is facilitated by a time-domain radar scattering model to simulate radar reflectivity range profiles. The presented radar-scattering model accounts for the radar's configuration constraints and platform motion, as well as the spatial distribution and relative motion of the scatterers. In this paper, the optimization of both linear frequency modulation (LFM) and nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveforms is considered. It is demonstrated that the LFM waveforms provide superior performance over NLFM waveforms for application subject to unmitigated Doppler shifts.
Author	Peral, Eva Chandrasekar, V. Tanelli, Simone Beauchamp, Robert M.
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Cites_doi	10.1017/CBO9780511541094 10.1109/PROC.1978.10837 10.1109/TAP.1966.1138696 10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7326997 10.1002/met.38 10.1109/AERO.2001.931497 10.1002/qj.49708837810 10.1109/PROC.1965.4062 10.1109/36.951082 10.1109/TAP.1977.1141536 10.1109/JRPROC.1960.287599 10.1109/TGRS.2007.894580 10.3998/0472119356 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00030.1 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002030 10.1049/el:19940644 10.1109/JRPROC.1957.278394 10.1109/LGRS.2006.872929 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2288105 10.1029/2007GL031201 10.1109/TAP.1960.1144843 10.1109/TAES.2007.4383616 10.1256/qj.02.23
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SubjectTerms	Clouds Compression Computer simulation Constraint modelling Doppler sonar Earth Earth orbit Earth orbits Echoes Frequency dependence Frequency modulation Low earth orbits Meteorological radar Optimization Optimization techniques Performance measurement Precipitation Profiles Pulse compression pulse compression methods Radar radar clutter Radar cross-sections radar remote sensing Radar scattering Reflectance Remote sensing Sea surface Sensitivity Sidelobes Spaceborne radar Spatial distribution Surface waves Waveforms
Title	Pulse Compression Waveform and Filter Optimization for Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radar
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