Understanding disparities in cardiovascular death rates among older adults with sick sinus syndrome in the US

• Published in: Annals of medicine and surgery Vol. 86; no. 10; pp. 5973 - 5979
• Main Authors: Hameed, Ishaque, Nusrat, Khushboo, Farhan, Syed H, Ahmad, Oneeb, Hameed, Indallah, Malik, Shanza, Shaikh, Ali T, Raja, Adarsh, Aijaz, Ashnah, Arham Siddiq, Muhammad, Saleem Patel, Mustafa, Khan, Rafay, Sharma, Varsha, Hussain, Muzna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01-10-2024
• Subjects: Reviews; CDC WONDER Database; cardiovascular mortality trends; health disparities; aging population; sick sinus syndrome
• ISSN: 2049-0801; 2049-0801
• DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002522

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) increases with age, and approximately one in 600 patients above 65 develop this condition. In this study, the authors assessed trends in mortality related to SSS among older adults ≥65 years of age in the United States from 1999 to 2019.
Trends in cardiovascular mortality related to SSS were identified by analyzing the data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, where cardiovascular deaths were listed as the underlying cause of death and SSS was listed as the contributing cause of death between 1999 and 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 population were determined.
Between 1999 and 2019, a total of 41,615 SSS-related deaths occurred in older adults. Of these, 17,466 (41.9%) were men and 24,149 (58.1%) were women. Although a decline in cardiovascular mortality related to SSS was apparent from 1999 to 2014, a steep rise was noted from 2014 to 2019 [Annual Percentage Change (APC): 2.9%; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7]. Overall AAMRs were highest among White men (AAMR: 55.8; 95% CI, 54.9-56.6), followed by Black men (AAMR: 44.8; 95% CI, 42-47.6), White women (AAMR: 43.3; 95% CI, 42.8-43.9), and Black women (AAMR: 39.4; 95% CI, 37.6-41.2). Rural dwellers had higher AAMRs compared to urban dwellers. Notably, rural dwellers had a period of stability between 2014 and 2019, while an increase in mortality was apparent among urban dwellers during this period. Lastly, states in the 90th percentile displayed approximately two fold higher AAMR compared to those in the bottom 10th percentile.
Sick sinus syndrome-related mortality trends have shown a steady rise from 2014 to 2019. Moreover, NH White adults, rural dwellers, and individuals residing in the states among the 90th percentile demonstrated significantly higher AAMRs. Thus, further investigations and actions are required to reverse these rising trends.