Molecular Systematics and Evolutionary History of Akalats (Genus Sheppardia): A Pre-Pleistocene Radiation in a Group of African Forest Birds
The African forest robins (akalats) of the genus Sheppardia are represented by eight forest-dwelling species with restricted distributions in tropical Africa. All but three are strictly montane, inhabiting isolated highland areas in eastern and western Africa. Due to their subtle plumage variation a...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 74 - 83 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Inc
01-01-2001
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | The African forest robins (akalats) of the genus Sheppardia are represented by eight forest-dwelling species with restricted distributions in tropical Africa. All but three are strictly montane, inhabiting isolated highland areas in eastern and western Africa. Due to their subtle plumage variation and almost wholly allopatric distribution, determining systematic relationships based upon morphology has proven difficult. However, akalats, due to their distribution, offer an ideal opportunity to test models of speciation within tropical forests. We therefore investigated the phylogeny of species of this genus from presently sampled regions of their distribution using mtDNA sequence analysis. We found that the monophyly of described species, even from disjunct populations, is well supported. However, relationships among species is generally poorly resolved, with support given only to the paired relationships S. montana/S. lowei, S. bocagei/S. gunningi, and S. aequatorialis/S. cyornithopsis. This dataset lent support to S. montana and S. lowei representing a superspecies. All species appear to have evolved rapidly from a common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene transition, a time of the last uplift of East Africa's montane region. Surprisingly, intraspecific radiations suggest a far more recent population expansion in the upper Pleistocene, concordant with major climatic variation and vegetational changes. We discuss the implications of our results in the light of previous discussions of the montane speciation model. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The African forest robins (akalats) of the genus Sheppardia are represented by eight forest-dwelling species with restricted distributions in tropical Africa. All but three are strictly montane, inhabiting isolated highland areas in eastern and western Africa. Due to their subtle plumage variation and almost wholly allopatric distribution, determining systematic relationships based upon morphology has proven difficult. However, akalats, due to their distribution, offer an ideal opportunity to test models of speciation within tropical forests. We therefore investigated the phylogeny of species of this genus from presently sampled regions of their distribution using mtDNA sequence analysis. We found that the monophyly of described species, even from disjunct populations, is well supported. However, relationships among species is generally poorly resolved, with support given only to the paired relationships S. montana/S. lowei, S. bocagei/S. gunningi, and S. aequatorialis/S. cyornithopsis. This dataset lent support to S. montana and S. lowei representing a superspecies. All species appear to have evolved rapidly from a common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene transition, a time of the last uplift of East Africa's montane region. Surprisingly, intraspecific radiations suggest a far more recent population expansion in the upper Pleistocene, concordant with major climatic variation and vegetational changes. We discuss the implications of our results in the light of previous discussions of the montane speciation model. |
| Author | Sponer, Renate Fjeldså, Jon Roy, Michael S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael S. surname: Roy fullname: Roy, Michael S. organization: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 2 givenname: Renate surname: Sponer fullname: Sponer, Renate organization: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 3 givenname: Jon surname: Fjeldså fullname: Fjeldså, Jon organization: Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| BookMark | eNp1kM1OwzAQhC1UJNrClbOPcEix8-twK1VbkIqoKJyjjbMWhtSO7KRS34GHJqFcOc1KuzPa-SZkZKxBQq45m3HG0rt9g4dZyBibMZGGZ2TMWZ4EecKj0TAnSZDlLLogE-8_GeM8yZMx-X62NcquBkd3R9_iHlotPQVT0eXB1l2rrQF3pI_at7ZXq-j8C2poPb1Zo-k83X1g04CrNNze0zndOgy2NQ7nEg3SV-g3QwrVhgJdO9s1vynKaQmGrqxD39IH7Sp_Sc4V1B6v_nRK3lfLt8VjsHlZPy3mm0CGIm2DtGRVHGWlxJDzKoU4ikUq8ijLlFBSyZKHkKlYlLwEFpelCmMBXIZYlRBmgNGUzE650lnvHaqicXrf1yw4KwaWxcCyGFgWA8veIE4G7L86aHSFlxqNxEo7lG1RWf2f9Qd_yn92 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2004_1535 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_12840 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1366_9516_2001_00112_x crossref_primary_10_2307_4090052 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2699_2006_01556_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2010_04788_x crossref_primary_10_1111_nph_12230 crossref_primary_10_1111_zsc_12151 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2010_07_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2006_08_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1055_7903_02_00017_9 crossref_primary_10_1642_0004_8038_2004_121_0023_ANSOAS_2_0_CO_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_auk_121_1_23 crossref_primary_10_1206_0003_0090_2005_292_0001_TSOBIT_2_0_CO_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2008_01_013 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_1228282 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2022_107646 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1472_4642_2002_00142_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2003_08_023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2013_10_014 crossref_primary_10_1111_geb_12045 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2007_03153_x crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1109630108 crossref_primary_10_1111_ibi_12233 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0952836905007016 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1463_6409_2010_00423_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2006_03153_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1095_8312_2010_01570_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1095_8312_2004_00309_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2016_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0134284 crossref_primary_10_1093_sysbio_syab066 crossref_primary_10_1111_jbi_13505 crossref_primary_10_1111_zsc_12240 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2005_06_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2004_04_013 crossref_primary_10_1111_syen_12360 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1466_8238_2009_00500_x crossref_primary_10_1111_zsc_12029 crossref_primary_10_1093_zoolinnean_zlx086 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_048X_2009_04410_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ympev_2009_10_027 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040189 10.1023/A:1018356506390 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00020.x 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111190 10.1016/0959-437X(93)90011-D 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00455.x 10.1093/sysbio/43.3.449 10.1126/science.277.5332.1666 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1954.tb00707.x 10.2307/2413255 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90225-B 10.1126/science.270.5233.53 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01465.x 10.1006/mpev.1996.0032 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.1.98 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025601 10.1007/BF00055939 10.2307/2408682 10.2307/2408678 10.1098/rstb.1995.0150 10.1006/mpev.1997.0402 10.2307/2408603 10.1093/genetics/126.3.695 10.1023/A:1018364708207 10.1111/jzo.1982.198.4.417 10.1126/science.165.3889.131 10.1007/BF02515385 10.1139/z91-013 10.1073/pnas.94.15.7748 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2000 Academic Press |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2000 Academic Press |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1095-9513 |
| EndPage | 83 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1006_mpev_2000_0862 S1055790300908625 |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29M 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AABVA AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALCJ AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATLK AAXUO ABFNM ABFRF ABGRD ABGSF ABJNI ABMAC ABUDA ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADFGL ADMUD ADQTV ADUVX AEBSH AEFWE AEHWI AEKER AENEX AEQOU AFFNX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGRDE AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC CAG CBWCG COF CS3 DM4 DOVZS DU5 EBS EFBJH EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HLV HLW HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W K-O KOM LG5 LW8 LX2 M41 MO0 MVM N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OHT OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SAB SBG SCC SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SPCBC SSA SSU SSZ T5K TN5 UNMZH WUQ XJT XPP XSW YK3 ZCG ZKB ZMT ZU3 ~02 ~G- AAHBH AAXKI AAYXX ADVLN AFJKZ AKRWK CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c286t-6b0d437bce211d6a4348689377f8fcfcb12a7f48b1ba04bbf248a1c2edba27ae3 |
| ISSN | 1055-7903 |
| IngestDate | Thu Sep 26 19:14:57 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:21:36 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | phylogeny biodiversity biogeography mtDNA montane speciation |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c286t-6b0d437bce211d6a4348689377f8fcfcb12a7f48b1ba04bbf248a1c2edba27ae3 |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1006_mpev_2000_0862 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1006_mpev_2000_0862 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | January 2001 2001-01-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2001-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2001 text: January 2001 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | Molecular phylogenetics and evolution |
| PublicationYear | 2001 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Inc |
| References | Dowsett, Dowsett-Lemaire (RF16) 1993; 5 Amorim (RF1) 1991; 35 Chapin (RF8) 1953; 75A Flenley (RF27) 2000 Seutin, White, Boag (RF59) 1991; 69 Avise, Wollenberg (RF3) 1997; 94 Collins, Kraus, Estabrook (RF9) 1994; 43 Haffer (RF34) 1969; 165 Li (RF45) 1993; 3 Beresford, Cracraft (RF4) 1999; 3270 Hudson (RF38) 1990; 7 Hills, Huelsenbeck (RF37) 1992; 83 deMenocal (RF13) 1995; 270 Gilbert, D. G. 1992, SeqApp, A biosequence editor and application programme, MacApp. Apple Computer, Inc. Faith, Cranston (RF18) 1991; 7 Fjeldså, Lovett (RF22) 1997; 6 Keith, Urban, Fry (RF41) 1992 Garcı́a-Moreno, J, and, Fjeldså, J. 2000, Chronology and mode of speciation in the Andean avifauna. Proc. 4th Int. Symp. “Isolated Vertebrate Communities in the Tropics,”, Museum Koenig, Bonn. Roy (RF55) 1997; 278 Brown, Ab'Saber (RF5) 1979; 5 Fjeldså, Lambin, Mertens (RF25) 1999; 22 Hackett (RF33) 1996; 5 Roy, Arctander, Fjeldså (RF57) 1998; 24 Diamond, Hamilton (RF15) 1980; 191 Lockhart, Steel, Hendy, Penny (RF46) 1994; 11 Vrba, Denton, Partridge, Burckle (RF63) 1995 Klicka, Zink (RF43) 1997; 277 Charleston (RF7) 1998; 14 Hall (RF35) 1963; 10 Crowe, Crowe (RF12) 1982; 198 Maddison, W. P, and, Maddison, D. R. 1993, MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution, Version 3.04, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA. Croizat (RF11) 1976; 35 Mayr, O'Hara (RF49) 1986; 40 Lovett (RF47) 1993 Mindell, Knight, Baer (RF51) 1996; 13 Fjeldså (RF21) 1994; 3 Kessler, Avise (RF42) 1985; 39 Felsenstein (RF19) 1985; 79 Griffith (RF31) 1993 Vrba (RF62) 1993 Lento, Hickson, Chambers, Penny (RF44) 1995; 12 Moreau (RF52) 1963; 165 Hartl, Clark (RF36) 1997 Jensen (RF40) 1989; 15 Cordeiro (RF10) 2000 Fjeldså, Bayes, Bruford, Roy (RF26) 2000 Avise (RF2) 1994 Burgess, Clarke (RF6) 2000 Gatesy, Amato, Vrba, Schaller, DeSalle (RF29) 1997; 7 Michevich, Farris (RF50) 1981; 30 Irwin, Kocher, Wilson (RF39) 1991; 32 Fjeldså, Ehrlich, Lambin, Prins (RF23) 1997; 6 Tamura, Nei (RF61) 1993; 10 Seibold, Helbig (RF58) 1995; 350 Prigogine (RF53) 1987; 197 Hackett (RF32) 1993; 105 Roy, Da Silva, Arctander, Garcia-Moreno, Fjeldså (RF56) 1997 Desjardins, Morais (RF14) 1990; 212 Sibley, Monroe (RF60) 1990 Prigogine (RF54) 1987; 38 Edwards, Wilson (RF17) 1990; 126 Felsenstein, J. 1993, Phylogeny inference package, Phylip, Version 3.57c, University of Washington, Seattle. Fjeldså, Roy, Kiure (RF24) 1999; 119 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF28 Crowe (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF12) 1982; 198 Hall (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF35) 1963; 10 Roy (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF55) 1997; 278 Irwin (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF39) 1991; 32 Li (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF45) 1993; 3 Mindell (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF51) 1996; 13 Haffer (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF34) 1969; 165 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF22) 1997; 6 Edwards (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF17) 1990; 126 Croizat (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF11) 1976; 35 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF24) 1999; 119 Vrba (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF62) 1993 Desjardins (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF14) 1990; 212 Hackett (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF32) 1993; 105 Roy (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF57) 1998; 24 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF30 Keith (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF41) 1992 Vrba (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF63) 1995 Burgess (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF6) 2000 Prigogine (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF53) 1987; 197 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF23) 1997; 6 Prigogine (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF54) 1987; 38 Hills (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF37) 1992; 83 Avise (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF2) 1994 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF21) 1994; 3 Chapin (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF8) 1953; 75A Dowsett (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF16) 1993; 5 Seutin (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF59) 1991; 69 Klicka (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF43) 1997; 277 Moreau (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF52) 1963; 165 Lockhart (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF46) 1994; 11 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF48 Amorim (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF1) 1991; 35 Tamura (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF61) 1993; 10 Michevich (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF50) 1981; 30 Hackett (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF33) 1996; 5 Cordeiro (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF10) 2000 Hudson (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF38) 1990; 7 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF26) 2000 Hartl (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF36) 1997 Beresford (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF4) 1999; 3270 Faith (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF18) 1991; 7 Flenley (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF27) 2000 Lento (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF44) 1995; 12 Fjeldså (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF25) 1999; 22 Mayr (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF49) 1986; 40 Avise (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF3) 1997; 94 Griffith (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF31) 1993 Sibley (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF60) 1990 Collins (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF9) 1994; 43 Roy (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF56) 1997 Jensen (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF40) 1989; 15 Kessler (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF42) 1985; 39 deMenocal (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF13) 1995; 270 Gatesy (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF29) 1997; 7 Charleston (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF7) 1998; 14 Brown (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF5) 1979; 5 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF20 Seibold (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF58) 1995; 350 Diamond (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF15) 1980; 191 Lovett (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF47) 1993 Felsenstein (10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF19) 1985; 79 |
| References_xml | – volume: 5 year: 1993 ident: RF16 article-title: A contribution to the distribution and taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds publication-title: Tauraco Res. Rep. contributor: fullname: Dowsett-Lemaire – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 1990 end-page: 44 ident: RF38 article-title: Gene genealogies and the coalescence publication-title: Oxford Surv. Evol. Biol. contributor: fullname: Hudson – volume: 126 start-page: 695 year: 1990 end-page: 711 ident: RF17 article-title: Phylogenetically informative length polymorphism and sequence variability in mitochondrial DNA of Australian songbirds publication-title: Genetics contributor: fullname: Wilson – volume: 3 start-page: 896 year: 1993 end-page: 901 ident: RF45 article-title: So, what about the molecular clock hypothesis? publication-title: Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. contributor: fullname: Li – year: 2000 ident: RF10 article-title: Preliminary analyses of the nestedness patterns of montane forest birds in the Eastern Arc Mountains publication-title: J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. contributor: fullname: Cordeiro – start-page: 9 year: 1993 end-page: 21 ident: RF31 article-title: The geological evolution of East Africa publication-title: Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa contributor: fullname: Griffith – volume: 191 start-page: 379 year: 1980 end-page: 402 ident: RF15 article-title: The distribution of forest passerine birds and Quaternary climatic change in Africa publication-title: J. Zool. London contributor: fullname: Hamilton – volume: 30 start-page: 351 year: 1981 end-page: 370 ident: RF50 article-title: The implications of congruence in publication-title: Syst. Zool. contributor: fullname: Farris – volume: 350 start-page: 163 year: 1995 end-page: 178 ident: RF58 article-title: Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial publication-title: Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London B contributor: fullname: Helbig – volume: 43 start-page: 449 year: 1994 end-page: 459 ident: RF9 article-title: Compositional effects and weighting of nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis publication-title: Syst. Biol. contributor: fullname: Estabrook – volume: 22 start-page: 63 year: 1999 end-page: 78 ident: RF25 article-title: Correlation between endemism and local ecoclimatic stability documented by comparing Andean bird distributions and remotely sensed land surface data publication-title: Ecography contributor: fullname: Mertens – volume: 3 start-page: 107 year: 1994 end-page: 226 ident: RF21 article-title: Geographical patterns of relict and young species of birds in Africa and South America and implications for conservation priorities publication-title: Biodiv. Conserv. contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – volume: 11 start-page: 605 year: 1994 end-page: 612 ident: RF46 article-title: Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Penny – year: 1994 ident: RF2 publication-title: Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution contributor: fullname: Avise – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 1991 end-page: 28 ident: RF18 article-title: Could a cladogram this short have arisen by change alone?: On permutation tests for cladistic structure publication-title: Cladistics contributor: fullname: Cranston – volume: 277 start-page: 1666 year: 1997 end-page: 1669 ident: RF43 article-title: The importance of recent ice ages in speciation: A failed paradigm publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Zink – volume: 270 start-page: 53 year: 1995 end-page: 58 ident: RF13 article-title: Plio-Pleistocene African climate publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: deMenocal – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 1976 end-page: 890 ident: RF11 article-title: Biogeografia analitica y sintética panbiogeography de las Américas publication-title: Bull. Acad. Ciencias Fisicas Matématicas Naturales contributor: fullname: Croizat – volume: 165 start-page: 131 year: 1969 end-page: 137 ident: RF34 article-title: Speciation in Amazonian forest birds publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Haffer – volume: 10 start-page: 107 year: 1963 end-page: 204 ident: RF35 article-title: The Francolins, a study of speciation publication-title: Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. contributor: fullname: Hall – year: 1992 ident: RF41 publication-title: The Birds of Africa contributor: fullname: Fry – year: 1990 ident: RF60 publication-title: Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World contributor: fullname: Monroe – volume: 165 start-page: 35 year: 1963 end-page: 46 ident: RF52 article-title: Vissitudes of the African biomes in the Late Pleistocene publication-title: Proc. Linn. Soc. London contributor: fullname: Moreau – volume: 105 start-page: 301 year: 1993 end-page: 315 ident: RF32 article-title: Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in the Neotropical genus publication-title: Wilson Bull. contributor: fullname: Hackett – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 1979 end-page: 30 ident: RF5 article-title: Ice-age forest refuges and evolution in the neotropics: Correlation of paleoclimatological, geomorphological and pedological data with modern biological endemism publication-title: Paleoclimas contributor: fullname: Ab'Saber – year: 1997 ident: RF56 article-title: The role of montane regions in the speciation of South American and African birds publication-title: Avian Molecular Evolution and Systematics contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – start-page: 393 year: 1993 end-page: 432 ident: RF62 article-title: Mammal evolution in the African Neogene and a new look at the Great American Interchange publication-title: Biological Relationships between Africa and South America contributor: fullname: Vrba – volume: 69 start-page: 82 year: 1991 end-page: 90 ident: RF59 article-title: Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analysis publication-title: Can. J. Zool. contributor: fullname: Boag – volume: 212 start-page: 599 year: 1990 end-page: 634 ident: RF14 article-title: Sequence and gene organisation of the chicken mitochondrial genome, a novel gene order in higher vertebrates publication-title: J. Mol. Biol. contributor: fullname: Morais – year: 2000 ident: RF27 article-title: Palyno-diversity and the super rainforest publication-title: Rainforests, Past and Future contributor: fullname: Flenley – volume: 79 start-page: 783 year: 1985 end-page: 791 ident: RF19 article-title: Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap publication-title: Evolution contributor: fullname: Felsenstein – year: 2000 ident: RF6 publication-title: The Coastal Forests of East Africa contributor: fullname: Clarke – year: 1995 ident: RF63 publication-title: Paleoclimate and Evolution with Emphasis on Human Origins contributor: fullname: Burckle – volume: 198 start-page: 417 year: 1982 end-page: 442 ident: RF12 article-title: Patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism in Afrotropical birds publication-title: J. Zool. London contributor: fullname: Crowe – volume: 3270 start-page: 20 year: 1999 ident: RF4 article-title: Speciation in African forest robins ( publication-title: Am. Mus. Novit. contributor: fullname: Cracraft – volume: 6 start-page: 325 year: 1997 end-page: 346 ident: RF22 article-title: Geographical patterns of phylogenetic relicts and phylogenetically subordinate species in tropical African forest publication-title: Biodiver. Conserv. contributor: fullname: Lovett – volume: 197 start-page: 49 year: 1987 end-page: 55 ident: RF53 article-title: Non-conspecificity of publication-title: Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club contributor: fullname: Prigogine – volume: 10 start-page: 512 year: 1993 end-page: 526 ident: RF61 article-title: Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Nei – volume: 32 start-page: 128 year: 1991 end-page: 144 ident: RF39 article-title: Evolution of the Cytochrome publication-title: J. Mol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Wilson – year: 2000 ident: RF26 article-title: Biogeography and diversification of African forest faunas: Implications for conservation publication-title: Rainforests, Past and Future contributor: fullname: Roy – volume: 13 start-page: 422 year: 1996 end-page: 426 ident: RF51 article-title: Slow rates of molecular evolution in birds and the metabolic rate and body temperature hypothesis publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Baer – volume: 278 start-page: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 8 ident: RF55 article-title: Recent diversification in African greenbuls ( publication-title: Proc. R. Soc. London B contributor: fullname: Roy – volume: 39 start-page: 831 year: 1985 end-page: 837 ident: RF42 article-title: Microgeographic lineage analysis by mitochondrial genotype: Variation in the cotton rat ( publication-title: Evolution contributor: fullname: Avise – start-page: 23 year: 1993 end-page: 29 ident: RF47 article-title: Climatic history and forest distribution in eastern Africa. Eastern Arc moist flora publication-title: Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa contributor: fullname: Lovett – volume: 94 start-page: 7748 year: 1997 end-page: 7755 ident: RF3 article-title: Phylogenetics and the origin of species publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA contributor: fullname: Wollenberg – volume: 38 start-page: 195 year: 1987 end-page: 207 ident: RF54 article-title: Disjunctions of montane forest birds in the Afrotropical region publication-title: Bonn. Zool. Beitr. contributor: fullname: Prigogine – volume: 7 start-page: 303 year: 1997 end-page: 319 ident: RF29 article-title: A cladistic analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA from the bovidae publication-title: Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. contributor: fullname: DeSalle – volume: 14 start-page: 98 year: 1998 end-page: 99 ident: RF7 article-title: Spectrum: Spectral analysis of phylogenetic data publication-title: Bioinformatics contributor: fullname: Charleston – volume: 40 start-page: 55 year: 1986 end-page: 67 ident: RF49 article-title: The biogeographic evidence supporting the Pleistocene forest refuge hypothesis publication-title: Evolution contributor: fullname: O'Hara – volume: 5 start-page: 368 year: 1996 end-page: 382 ident: RF33 article-title: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Tanagers in the genus publication-title: Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. contributor: fullname: Hackett – volume: 83 start-page: 189 year: 1992 end-page: 195 ident: RF37 article-title: Signal, noise and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analysis publication-title: J. Hered. contributor: fullname: Huelsenbeck – volume: 15 start-page: 161 year: 1989 end-page: 175 ident: RF40 article-title: A review of some genera of African chats (Aves, Muscicapidase, Erithacini) publication-title: Steenstrupia contributor: fullname: Jensen – year: 1997 ident: RF36 publication-title: Principles of Population Genetics contributor: fullname: Clark – volume: 75A start-page: 1 year: 1953 end-page: 821 ident: RF8 article-title: The Birds of the Belgian Congo. Part. 3 publication-title: Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. contributor: fullname: Chapin – volume: 24 start-page: 51 year: 1998 end-page: 66 ident: RF57 article-title: Speciation and taxonomy of montane greenbuls of the genus publication-title: Steenstrupia contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – volume: 119 year: 1999 ident: RF24 article-title: A montane subspecies of publication-title: Bull. Br. Ornthol. Club contributor: fullname: Kiure – volume: 35 start-page: 803 year: 1991 end-page: 812 ident: RF1 article-title: Refuge model simulations: Testing the theory publication-title: Revta Bras. Entomol. contributor: fullname: Amorim – volume: 6 start-page: 401 year: 1997 end-page: 422 ident: RF23 article-title: Are biodiversity ‘hotspots’ correlated with current ecoclimatic stability? A pilot study using the NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data publication-title: Biodiver. Conserv. contributor: fullname: Prins – volume: 12 start-page: 28 year: 1995 end-page: 52 ident: RF44 article-title: Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Penny – volume: 12 start-page: 28 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF44 article-title: Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040189 contributor: fullname: Lento – volume: 6 start-page: 325 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF22 article-title: Geographical patterns of phylogenetic relicts and phylogenetically subordinate species in tropical African forest publication-title: Biodiver. Conserv. doi: 10.1023/A:1018356506390 contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 1976 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF11 article-title: Biogeografia analitica y sintética panbiogeography de las Américas publication-title: Bull. Acad. Ciencias Fisicas Matématicas Naturales contributor: fullname: Croizat – start-page: 9 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF31 article-title: The geological evolution of East Africa contributor: fullname: Griffith – volume: 278 start-page: 1 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF55 article-title: Recent diversification in African greenbuls (Andropadus: Pycnonotidae) supports montane speciation model publication-title: Proc. R. Soc. London B contributor: fullname: Roy – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF18 article-title: Could a cladogram this short have arisen by change alone?: On permutation tests for cladistic structure publication-title: Cladistics doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00020.x contributor: fullname: Faith – year: 1992 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF41 contributor: fullname: Keith – volume: 83 start-page: 189 year: 1992 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF37 article-title: Signal, noise and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analysis publication-title: J. Hered. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111190 contributor: fullname: Hills – volume: 3 start-page: 896 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF45 article-title: So, what about the molecular clock hypothesis? publication-title: Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. doi: 10.1016/0959-437X(93)90011-D contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 24 start-page: 51 year: 1998 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF57 article-title: Speciation and taxonomy of montane greenbuls of the genus Andropadus (Aves: Pycnonotidae) publication-title: Steenstrupia contributor: fullname: Roy – volume: 22 start-page: 63 year: 1999 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF25 article-title: Correlation between endemism and local ecoclimatic stability documented by comparing Andean bird distributions and remotely sensed land surface data publication-title: Ecography doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00455.x contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – start-page: 23 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF47 article-title: Climatic history and forest distribution in eastern Africa. Eastern Arc moist flora contributor: fullname: Lovett – volume: 10 start-page: 107 year: 1963 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF35 article-title: The Francolins, a study of speciation publication-title: Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. contributor: fullname: Hall – volume: 197 start-page: 49 year: 1987 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF53 article-title: Non-conspecificity of Cossypha insulata Grote and Cossypha bocagei Finsch, and Hartlaub, with the description of a new subspecies of Cossypha bocagei from western Tanzania publication-title: Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club contributor: fullname: Prigogine – volume: 35 start-page: 803 year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF1 article-title: Refuge model simulations: Testing the theory publication-title: Revta Bras. Entomol. contributor: fullname: Amorim – volume: 43 start-page: 449 year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF9 article-title: Compositional effects and weighting of nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis publication-title: Syst. Biol. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/43.3.449 contributor: fullname: Collins – year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF2 contributor: fullname: Avise – volume: 277 start-page: 1666 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF43 article-title: The importance of recent ice ages in speciation: A failed paradigm publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.277.5332.1666 contributor: fullname: Klicka – volume: 165 start-page: 35 year: 1963 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF52 article-title: Vissitudes of the African biomes in the Late Pleistocene publication-title: Proc. Linn. Soc. London doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1954.tb00707.x contributor: fullname: Moreau – volume: 30 start-page: 351 year: 1981 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF50 article-title: The implications of congruence in Menidia publication-title: Syst. Zool. doi: 10.2307/2413255 contributor: fullname: Michevich – volume: 10 start-page: 512 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF61 article-title: Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Tamura – volume: 212 start-page: 599 year: 1990 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF14 article-title: Sequence and gene organisation of the chicken mitochondrial genome, a novel gene order in higher vertebrates publication-title: J. Mol. Biol. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90225-B contributor: fullname: Desjardins – year: 2000 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF26 article-title: Biogeography and diversification of African forest faunas: Implications for conservation contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – year: 1990 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF60 contributor: fullname: Sibley – volume: 75A start-page: 1 year: 1953 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF8 article-title: The Birds of the Belgian Congo. Part. 3 publication-title: Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. contributor: fullname: Chapin – volume: 5 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF16 article-title: A contribution to the distribution and taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds publication-title: Tauraco Res. Rep. contributor: fullname: Dowsett – year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF56 article-title: The role of montane regions in the speciation of South American and African birds contributor: fullname: Roy – volume: 270 start-page: 53 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF13 article-title: Plio-Pleistocene African climate publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.270.5233.53 contributor: fullname: deMenocal – volume: 119 year: 1999 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF24 article-title: A montane subspecies of Sheppardia gunningi (East-coast Akalat) from Tanzania publication-title: Bull. Br. Ornthol. Club contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – volume: 191 start-page: 379 year: 1980 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF15 article-title: The distribution of forest passerine birds and Quaternary climatic change in Africa publication-title: J. Zool. London doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01465.x contributor: fullname: Diamond – volume: 5 start-page: 368 year: 1996 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF33 article-title: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Tanagers in the genus Ramphocelus Aves publication-title: Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0032 contributor: fullname: Hackett – year: 2000 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF27 article-title: Palyno-diversity and the super rainforest contributor: fullname: Flenley – volume: 15 start-page: 161 year: 1989 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF40 article-title: A review of some genera of African chats (Aves, Muscicapidase, Erithacini) publication-title: Steenstrupia contributor: fullname: Jensen – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 1979 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF5 article-title: Ice-age forest refuges and evolution in the neotropics: Correlation of paleoclimatological, geomorphological and pedological data with modern biological endemism publication-title: Paleoclimas contributor: fullname: Brown – volume: 14 start-page: 98 year: 1998 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF7 article-title: Spectrum: Spectral analysis of phylogenetic data publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.1.98 contributor: fullname: Charleston – year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF63 contributor: fullname: Vrba – volume: 3270 start-page: 20 year: 1999 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF4 article-title: Speciation in African forest robins (Stiphrornis): Species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and molecular biogeography publication-title: Am. Mus. Novit. contributor: fullname: Beresford – volume: 13 start-page: 422 year: 1996 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF51 article-title: Slow rates of molecular evolution in birds and the metabolic rate and body temperature hypothesis publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025601 contributor: fullname: Mindell – volume: 3 start-page: 107 year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF21 article-title: Geographical patterns of relict and young species of birds in Africa and South America and implications for conservation priorities publication-title: Biodiv. Conserv. doi: 10.1007/BF00055939 contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – volume: 39 start-page: 831 year: 1985 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF42 article-title: Microgeographic lineage analysis by mitochondrial genotype: Variation in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.2307/2408682 contributor: fullname: Kessler – volume: 79 start-page: 783 year: 1985 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF19 article-title: Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.2307/2408678 contributor: fullname: Felsenstein – volume: 350 start-page: 163 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF58 article-title: Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene publication-title: Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London B doi: 10.1098/rstb.1995.0150 contributor: fullname: Seibold – volume: 7 start-page: 303 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF29 article-title: A cladistic analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal DNA from the bovidae publication-title: Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1997.0402 contributor: fullname: Gatesy – year: 2000 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF10 article-title: Preliminary analyses of the nestedness patterns of montane forest birds in the Eastern Arc Mountains publication-title: J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. contributor: fullname: Cordeiro – volume: 40 start-page: 55 year: 1986 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF49 article-title: The biogeographic evidence supporting the Pleistocene forest refuge hypothesis publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.2307/2408603 contributor: fullname: Mayr – volume: 126 start-page: 695 year: 1990 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF17 article-title: Phylogenetically informative length polymorphism and sequence variability in mitochondrial DNA of Australian songbirds Pomatostomus publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/126.3.695 contributor: fullname: Edwards – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 1990 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF38 article-title: Gene genealogies and the coalescence publication-title: Oxford Surv. Evol. Biol. contributor: fullname: Hudson – volume: 6 start-page: 401 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF23 article-title: Are biodiversity ‘hotspots’ correlated with current ecoclimatic stability? A pilot study using the NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data publication-title: Biodiver. Conserv. doi: 10.1023/A:1018364708207 contributor: fullname: Fjeldså – ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF48 – volume: 38 start-page: 195 year: 1987 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF54 article-title: Disjunctions of montane forest birds in the Afrotropical region publication-title: Bonn. Zool. Beitr. contributor: fullname: Prigogine – volume: 198 start-page: 417 year: 1982 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF12 article-title: Patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism in Afrotropical birds publication-title: J. Zool. London doi: 10.1111/jzo.1982.198.4.417 contributor: fullname: Crowe – ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF28 – volume: 11 start-page: 605 year: 1994 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF46 article-title: Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. contributor: fullname: Lockhart – ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF30 – volume: 165 start-page: 131 year: 1969 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF34 article-title: Speciation in Amazonian forest birds publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.165.3889.131 contributor: fullname: Haffer – volume: 32 start-page: 128 year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF39 article-title: Evolution of the Cytochrome b gene of mammals publication-title: J. Mol. Evol. doi: 10.1007/BF02515385 contributor: fullname: Irwin – start-page: 393 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF62 article-title: Mammal evolution in the African Neogene and a new look at the Great American Interchange contributor: fullname: Vrba – volume: 105 start-page: 301 year: 1993 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF32 article-title: Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in the Neotropical genus Gymnopithys Formicariidae publication-title: Wilson Bull. contributor: fullname: Hackett – volume: 69 start-page: 82 year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF59 article-title: Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analysis publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z91-013 contributor: fullname: Seutin – year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF36 contributor: fullname: Hartl – year: 2000 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF6 contributor: fullname: Burgess – ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF20 – volume: 94 start-page: 7748 year: 1997 ident: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0862_RF3 article-title: Phylogenetics and the origin of species publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.15.7748 contributor: fullname: Avise |
| SSID | ssj0011595 |
| Score | 1.8667911 |
| Snippet | The African forest robins (akalats) of the genus Sheppardia are represented by eight forest-dwelling species with restricted distributions in tropical Africa.... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 74 |
| SubjectTerms | biodiversity biogeography montane speciation mtDNA phylogeny |
| Title | Molecular Systematics and Evolutionary History of Akalats (Genus Sheppardia): A Pre-Pleistocene Radiation in a Group of African Forest Birds |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0862 |
| Volume | 18 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1baxQxFA7bFsEXsV6wXkoeFJVl6kwmM8n4tq1TL6BIt0LfhmSSwWqZLruzhf4Hf7Qnl8ns1goq-BKGMEkOOR8nJzk3hJ4WOs1UnqjIRHVGlGkZSQkNy0VcKxXXvLBFbKfs0wl_U9JyNOrruA59_5XT0Ae8NpGzf8HtMCl0wDfwHFrgOrR_xPePfb1bn4xchDzM5YVf2DjKufQg1rw--S7ORGdfX9_qdrkYT7_q2cwi5xkpXOj657k2bvNmUA3ScXxkUhr0fpLCP2mZuRonV03Fz0U33j-du0DiXv8dqAP2gtiFuQJ9uqdvMAJdrnj2j6d7g6n_3MfpHOlWdAGbh9_0mVpY23_mTQNrrxrJlVeNEG6z5g1qinlGrIidRNS-zxSbzFxA668iPUDXyWdXEag_6dNrzxCQQ8BkuLRc2DimPXPpG07L4MM4NdQYYkBLNb9kG2iLgLQDYbs1eV-efAjGLNAYM2t099T3uUPj_NX6KtfrRiv6zvFtdMtfVPDEIWwbjXR7B91wpUsv76IfgZN4BWcY-IhXcYY9zvB5gz3O8AuLMjyg7OVrPMFXEIYDwvBpiwW2CLOzOIRhhzBsEXYPfTksjw_eRb6yR1QTnndRLmNFUyZrTZJE5YKmlOdGc2YNb-qmlgkRrKFcJlLEVMqGUC6SmmglBWFCp_fRZgtIe2ByDqisUFnOUkFpwzVXkqSNoqzOiJQ83kHP-z2tZi6BS-VSdeeV2X1ThzWuzO7voKTf8sqrn06trAAZvxnz8B_GPEI3B8Q_RpvdfKmfoI2FWu565PwEefepPg |
| link.rule.ids | 315,782,786,27933,27934 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Molecular+Systematics+and+Evolutionary+History+of+Akalats+%28Genus+Sheppardia%29%3A+A+Pre-Pleistocene+Radiation+in+a+Group+of+African+Forest+Birds&rft.jtitle=Molecular+phylogenetics+and+evolution&rft.au=Roy%2C+Michael+S.&rft.au=Sponer%2C+Renate&rft.au=Fjelds%C3%A5%2C+Jon&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Inc&rft.issn=1055-7903&rft.eissn=1095-9513&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.epage=83&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpev.2000.0862&rft.externalDocID=S1055790300908625 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1055-7903&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1055-7903&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1055-7903&client=summon |