Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of change in alcohol intake in men drinking 20 to 60 g of alcohol per day

• Published in: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research Vol. 22; no. 9; pp. 1973 - 1980
• Main Authors: BURKE, V, PUDDEY, I. B, RAKIC, V, SWANSON, N. R, DIMMITT, S. B, BEILIN, L. J, CHING, S, BEILBY, J. P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Baltimore, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01-12-1998
• Subjects: Adult; Alcoholism - diagnosis; Alcoholism - enzymology; Alcoholism - rehabilitation; Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning; Beer; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Glutamyltransferase - blood; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Toxicology; Transferrin - analogs & derivatives; Transferrin - metabolism; Consumption; Human; Biological fluid; Transferrin; Ethanol; Enzyme; Transferases; Carbohydrate deficient protein; Prediction; Behavior change; Biological marker; Medical screening; Aminoacyltransferases; Blood; Biological monitoring; γ-Glutamyltransferase
• ISSN: 0145-6008; 1530-0277
• DOI: 10.1097/00000374-199812000-00012

We evaluated carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) as markers of alcohol intake and change in alcohol intake in white Australian men aged 20 to 63 years who regularly drank 20 to 60 g of alcohol/day (2 to 6 standard drinks), either as weekend (n = 14) or daily drinkers (n = 41). After 4 weeks of familiarization on usual alcohol intake, men were provided with low alcohol beer (24 x 375 ml cans, 0.9%, v/v, two-weekly), and, for 4 weeks, consumed as much or as little as they wished with no additional alcohol permitted. In an alternate 4-week period, the same amount of full-strength beer (4.9%, v/v) was provided, whereas subjects continued their usual amount and pattern of alcohol consumption. The order of experimental conditions was randomized. Retrospective 7-day diaries documented weekly alcohol intake during 4 weeks of familiarization and 8 weeks of intervention. Mean alcohol intake was 345 g/week of alcohol (SD 97) during familiarization. During the last 4 weeks of intervention (study weeks 8 to 12), mean alcohol intake either increased by 360 g/week (SD 138) with the switch from low to high alcohol or decreased by 328 g/week (SD 120) with the reverse. During familiarization (study weeks 1 to 4), alcohol intake was significantly related independently (R2 = 0.21) to mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.008) and uric acid (p = 0.003), but not to gamma-GT (p = 0.22) nor CDT (p = 0.94). Change in alcohol intake was predicted independently (R2 = 0.60) by change in CDT (p < 0.0001) and gamma-GT (p = 0.0003), but not by change in uric acid or mean corpuscular volume. A 10% change in CDT gave 70% sensitivity and 80% specificity to detect a change of at least 2 standard drinks/day; respective values were 68% and 0 for 10% change in gamma-GT. Results were not related to drinking pattern, smoking, age, or weight. CDT, particularly when used as a continuous variable, may have a place in monitoring alcohol consumption, even in men whose alcohol intake is in the 20 to 60 g/day range.