Co-occurring BRCA2/SPOP Mutations Predict Exceptional Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Sensitivity in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

• Published in: European urology oncology Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 877 - 887
• Main Authors: Orme, Jacob J., Taza, Fadi, De Sarkar, Navonil, Tewari, Alok K., Arsalan Naqvi, Syed, Riaz, Irbaz B., Childs, Daniel S., Omar, Noha, Adra, Nabil, Ashkar, Ryan, Cheng, Heather H., Schweizer, Michael T., Sokolova, Alexandra O., Agarwal, Neeraj, Barata, Pedro, Sartor, Oliver, Bastos, Diogo, Smaletz, Oren, Berchuck, Jacob E., McClure, Heather, Taplin, Mary-Ellen, Aggarwal, Rahul, Sternberg, Cora N., Vlachostergios, Panagiotis J., Alva, Ajjai S., Mehra, Niven, Nelson, Peter S., Hwang, Justin, Dehm, Scott M., Shi, Qian, Fleischmann, Zoe, Sokol, Ethan S., Elliott, Andrew, Huang, Haojie, Bryce, Alan, Marshall, Catherine H., Antonarakis, Emmanuel S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-08-2024
• Subjects: BRCA2 mutation; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors; SPOP mutation; SPOP mutation; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors; BRCA2 mutation
• ISSN: 2588-9311; 2588-9311
• DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.11.014

Presence of BRCA2 mutations helps identify a subset of patients with prostate cancer who are likely to benefit from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, but additional biomarkers are needed to better refine patient selection. This study found that concurrent SPOP mutations predict enhanced PARP inhibitor sensitivity and durable progression-free survival in BRCA2-altered castration-resistant prostate cancer.
BRCA2 mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) confer sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. However, additional factors predicting PARP inhibitor efficacy in mCRPC are needed. Preclinical studies support a relationship between speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) inactivation and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. We hypothesized that SPOP mutations may predict enhanced PARP inhibitor response in BRCA2-altered mCRPC.
We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving 13 sites. We identified 131 patients with BRCA2-altered mCRPC treated with PARP inhibitors, 14 of which also carried concurrent SPOP mutations. The primary efficacy endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (≥50% PSA decline). The secondary endpoints were biochemical progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), clinical/radiographic progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). These were compared by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, tumor stage, baseline PSA level, Gleason sum, prior therapies, BRCA2 alteration types, and co-occurring mutations.
Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. PSA responses were observed in 60% (70/117) of patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPwt disease and in 86% (12/14) of patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPmut disease (p = 0.06). The median time on PARP inhibitor treatment was 24.0 mo (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.2 mo to not reached) in this group versus 8.0 mo (95% CI 6.1–10.9 mo) in patients with BRCA2 mutation alone (p = 0.05). In an unadjusted analysis, patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPmut disease experienced longer PSA-PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33 [95% CI 0.15–0.72], p = 0.005) and clinical/radiographic PFS (HR 0.4 [95% CI 0.18–0.86], p = 0.02), and numerically longer OS (HR 0.4 [95% CI 0.15–1.12], p = 0.08). In a multivariable analysis including histology, Gleason sum, prior taxane, prior androgen receptor pathway inhibitor, stage, PSA, BRCA2 alteration characteristics, and other co-mutations, patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPmut disease experienced longer PSA-PFS (HR 0.16 [95% CI 0.05–0.47], adjusted p = 0.001), clinical/radiographic PFS (HR 0.28 [95% CI 0.1–0.81], adjusted p = 0.019), and OS (HR 0.19 [95% CI 0.05–0.69], adjusted p = 0.012). In a separate cohort of patients not treated with a PARP inhibitor, there was no difference in OS between patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPmut versus BRCA2mut/SPOPwt disease (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.40–2.4], p = 0.94). In a genomic signature analysis, Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) SBS3 scores predictive of homologous recombination repair (HRR) defects were higher for BRCA2mut/SPOPmut than for BRCA2mut/SPOPwt disease (p = 0.04). This was a retrospective study, and additional prospective validation cohorts are needed.
In this retrospective analysis, PARP inhibitors appeared more effective in patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPmut than in patients with BRCA2mut/SPOPwt mCRPC. This may be related to an increase in HRR defects in coaltered disease.
In this study, we demonstrate that co-alteration of both BRCA2 and SPOP predicts superior clinical outcomes to treatment with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors than BRCA2 alteration without SPOP mutation.