Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical management, and public health implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

• Published in: Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 1103 - 1125
• Main Authors: Sathian, Brijesh, Banerjee, Indrajit, Mekkodathil, Ahammed A, van Teijlingen, Edwin R, Pizarro, Ana Beatriz, Asim, Mohammad, Mancha, Maraeh Angela, Kabir, Russell, Simkhada, Padam, do Nascimento, Israel Júnior Borges, Al Hamad, Hanadi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Nepal International Nepal Epidemiological Association 31-12-2021
• Subjects: Pregnancy; Prevention; Pandemic; Clinical Management; Complications; Childbirth
• ISSN: 2091-0800; 2091-0800
• DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.41911

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is exponentially spreading across the globe.
The current systematic review was performed utilising the following electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE. We searched for the keywords "COVID-19 AND "pregnancy" between January 1, 2020 until December 31, 2020.
Out of 4005 records which were identified, 36 original studies were included in this systematic review. Pooled prevalence of vertical transmission was 10%, 95% CI: 4-17%. Pooled prevalence of neonatal mortality was 7%, 95% CI: 0-21%.
The contemporary evidence suggests that the incubation period of COVID-19 is 2-14 days, and this infection could be transmitted even from the infected asymptomatic individuals. It is found that the clinical presentation of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection is comparable with the infected non-pregnant females, and the frequent symptoms were fever, cough, myalgia, sore throat and malaise. Some cases have severe maternal morbidity and perinatal deaths secondary to COVID-19 infection. Under these circumstances, pregnant women should focus on maintaining personal hygiene, proper nutrition and extreme social distancing to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Therefore, systematic data reporting for evidence based clinical assessment, management and pregnancy outcomes is essential for preventing of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women.