Benchmarking the reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell performance

• Published in: Nature energy Vol. 9; no. 10; pp. 1310 - 1320
• Main Authors: Puls, Sebastian, Nazmutdinova, Elina, Kalyk, Fariza, Woolley, Henry M., Thomsen, Jesper Frost, Cheng, Zhu, Fauchier-Magnan, Adrien, Gautam, Ajay, Gockeln, Michael, Ham, So-Yeon, Hasan, Md Toukir, Jeong, Min-Gi, Hiraoka, Daiki, Kim, Jong Seok, Kutsch, Tobias, Lelotte, Barthélémy, Minnmann, Philip, Miß, Vanessa, Motohashi, Kota, Nelson, Douglas Lars, Ooms, Frans, Piccolo, Francesco, Plank, Christian, Rosner, Maria, Sandoval, Stephanie E., Schlautmann, Eva, Schuster, Robin, Spencer-Jolly, Dominic, Sun, Yipeng, Vishnugopi, Bairav S., Zhang, Ruizhuo, Zheng, Huang, Adelhelm, Philipp, Brezesinski, Torsten, Bruce, Peter G., Danzer, Michael, El Kazzi, Mario, Gasteiger, Hubert, Hatzell, Kelsey B., Hayashi, Akitoshi, Hippauf, Felix, Janek, Jürgen, Jung, Yoon Seok, McDowell, Matthew T., Meng, Ying Shirley, Mukherjee, Partha P., Ohno, Saneyuki, Roling, Bernhard, Sakuda, Atsushi, Schwenzel, Julian, Sun, Xueliang, Villevieille, Claire, Wagemaker, Marnix, Zeier, Wolfgang G., Vargas-Barbosa, Nella M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-10-2024; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 639/4077/4079/891; 639/638/161/891; Analysis; Assembly; Chemical Sciences; Cycles; Economics and Management; Electric power; Electroactive materials; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrolytic cells; Energy; Energy Policy; Energy Storage; Energy Systems; Engineering Sciences; Open circuit voltage; Other; Parameters; Protocol; Renewable and Green Energy; Reproducibility; Solid electrolytes; Solid state; Variability
• ISSN: 2058-7546; 2058-7546
• DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01634-3

The interlaboratory comparability and reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell cycling performance are poorly understood due to the lack of standardized set-ups and assembly parameters. This study quantifies the extent of this variability by providing commercially sourced battery materials—LiNi
0.6
Mn
0.2
Co
0.2
O
2
for the positive electrode, Li
6
PS
5
Cl as the solid electrolyte and indium for the negative electrode—to 21 research groups. Each group was asked to use their own cell assembly protocol but follow a specific electrochemical protocol. The results show large variability in assembly and electrochemical performance, including differences in processing pressures, pressing durations and In-to-Li ratios. Despite this, an initial open circuit voltage of 2.5 and 2.7 V vs Li
+
/Li is a good predictor of successful cycling for cells using these electroactive materials. We suggest a set of parameters for reporting all-solid-state battery cycling results and advocate for reporting data in triplicate.
More transparent protocol reporting and comprehensive battery cell data are needed. Twenty-one research groups joined forces to assess solid-state battery performance and found considerable differences in assembly protocols that cause variable results.